Linux基本操作（9）-文件查找、文件压缩、文件解压

一、文件查找

1、find：文件查找，针对文件名

1）格式：find [path...] [options]  [expression] [action]
                 命令 路径       选项             表达式        动作

2）按文件名：-i是忽略大小**
① [root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -name “dir1”

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan  -name  "dir1"
/home/jiaofan/dir3/dir1
/home/jiaofan/jiaofan/dir1
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

② [root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -iname “dir1”

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan  -iname  "dir1"
/home/jiaofan/dir3/dir1
/home/jiaofan/jiaofan/dir1
[root@localhost jiaofan]#

③ [root@localhost ~]# find /etc -iname “hos*”

 [root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan  -iname  "w*"
/home/jiaofan/w.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

3）按文件大小查找
①文件大于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size +5M

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find  /etc  -size  +5M
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

②文件等于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size 5M
③文件小于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size -5M
4）指定查找的目录深度：[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 4 -a（and） -name “ifcfg-en*”

 [root@localhost jiaofan]# find  / -maxdepth  4  -a -name  "ifcfg-en*"
find: ‘/proc/5108’: 没有那个文件或目录
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/home/jiaofan/ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

5）按文件属主、属组查找：
① [root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jiao1 //属主是jiao1的文件

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find  /home  -user  jiao1
/home/jiaofan/no.txt
/home/jiao1
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

② [root@localhost ~]# find /home -group zu1 //属组是zu1组的文件

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find  /home  -group  zu1
/home/jiaofan/no.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

6）按文件类型查找：[root@localhost ~]# find /tmp -type*
① f普通文件、b快设备文件、d目录、p管道、l 链接
7）按文件权限查找

[root@localhost jiaofan]# find . -perm 644 -ls
51513786    4 -rw-r--r--   1 jiaofan  jiaofan        18 8月  8  2019 ./.bash_logout
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

8）找到后处理的动作action
①[root@localhost ~]# find . -perm 715 -print
[root@localhost ~]# find . -perm 715 -ls
②[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name “775*” -delete
③[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name “ifcfg*” -ok cp -rvf {} /tmp ;

2、which:找命令

[root@localhost ~]# which wim
/usr/bin/which: no wim in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/root/bin)
[root@localhost ~]# 

3、locate：文件查找，依赖数据库，必须知道文件名字。

1）locate仅仅在开机时刷新数据库，所以刚刚创建的无法用locate查找

[root@localhost ~]# touch /home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# locate  wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# 

2）updatedb:更新数据库，之后可查看文件刚刚建立的文件。

[root@localhost ~]# touch /home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# locate  wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# updatedb
[root@localhost ~]# locate  wabcde.txt
/home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# 

3）locate数据库文件不会查找/tmp临时文件等文件

[root@localhost ~]# touch /tmp/wabcd.txt
[root@localhost ~]# updatedb
[root@localhost ~]# locate  wabcd.txt
[root@localhost ~]# 

二、文件压缩打包

1、打包、压缩：tar 选项 压缩包名称 源文件
2、压缩jiaofan文件夹：-cf 压缩 -v显示压缩过程

[root@localhost home]# tar -cf jiaofan.tar  /home/jiaofan
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
[root@localhost home]# ls
jiaofan  jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost home]# 

3、区别： -z -j -J 这三个只是压缩之后大小不同，压缩时间不同。

[root@localhost home]# tar -czf jiaofan.z.tar  jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# tar -cjf jiaofan.j.tar  jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# tar -cJf jiaofan.J.tar  jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# ll -h | grep jiaofan.
drwx------. 26 jiaofan jiaofan 4.0K 3月  26 10:06 jiaofan
-rw-r--r--.  1 root    root    3.0M 3月  26 15:56 jiaofan.j.tar
-rw-r--r--.  1 root    root    789K 3月  26 15:57 jiaofan.J.tar
-rw-r--r--.  1 root    root    3.9M 3月  26 15:56 jiaofan.z.tar
[root@localhost home]# 

4、解压jiaofan文件夹

[root@localhost jiao1]# ls
jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost jiao1]# tar -xf jiaofan.tar 
[root@localhost jiao1]# ls
jiaofan  jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost jiao1]#