一、文件查找
1、find:文件查找,针对文件名
1)格式:find [path...] [options] [expression] [action]
命令 路径 选项 表达式 动作
2)按文件名:-i是忽略大小**
① [root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -name “dir1”
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -name "dir1"
/home/jiaofan/dir3/dir1
/home/jiaofan/jiaofan/dir1
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
② [root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -iname “dir1”
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -iname "dir1"
/home/jiaofan/dir3/dir1
/home/jiaofan/jiaofan/dir1
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
③ [root@localhost ~]# find /etc -iname “hos*”
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home/jiaofan -iname "w*"
/home/jiaofan/w.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
3)按文件大小查找
①文件大于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size +5M
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /etc -size +5M
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
②文件等于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size 5M
③文件小于5M:[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size -5M
4)指定查找的目录深度:[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 4 -a(and) -name “ifcfg-en*”
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find / -maxdepth 4 -a -name "ifcfg-en*"
find: ‘/proc/5108’: 没有那个文件或目录
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/home/jiaofan/ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
5)按文件属主、属组查找:
① [root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jiao1 //属主是jiao1的文件
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home -user jiao1
/home/jiaofan/no.txt
/home/jiao1
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
② [root@localhost ~]# find /home -group zu1 //属组是zu1组的文件
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find /home -group zu1
/home/jiaofan/no.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
6)按文件类型查找:[root@localhost ~]# find /tmp -type*
① f普通文件、b快设备文件、d目录、p管道、l 链接
7)按文件权限查找
[root@localhost jiaofan]# find . -perm 644 -ls
51513786 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 jiaofan jiaofan 18 8月 8 2019 ./.bash_logout
[root@localhost jiaofan]#
8)找到后处理的动作action
①[root@localhost ~]# find . -perm 715 -print
[root@localhost ~]# find . -perm 715 -ls
②[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name “775*” -delete
③[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name “ifcfg*” -ok cp -rvf {} /tmp ;
2、which:找命令
[root@localhost ~]# which wim
/usr/bin/which: no wim in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/root/bin)
[root@localhost ~]#
3、locate:文件查找,依赖数据库,必须知道文件名字。
1)locate仅仅在开机时刷新数据库,所以刚刚创建的无法用locate查找
[root@localhost ~]# touch /home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# locate wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]#
2)updatedb:更新数据库,之后可查看文件刚刚建立的文件。
[root@localhost ~]# touch /home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# locate wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]# updatedb
[root@localhost ~]# locate wabcde.txt
/home/jiaofan/wabcde.txt
[root@localhost ~]#
3)locate数据库文件不会查找/tmp临时文件等文件
[root@localhost ~]# touch /tmp/wabcd.txt
[root@localhost ~]# updatedb
[root@localhost ~]# locate wabcd.txt
[root@localhost ~]#
二、文件压缩打包
1、打包、压缩:tar 选项 压缩包名称 源文件
2、压缩jiaofan文件夹:-cf 压缩 -v显示压缩过程
[root@localhost home]# tar -cf jiaofan.tar /home/jiaofan
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
[root@localhost home]# ls
jiaofan jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost home]#
3、区别: -z -j -J 这三个只是压缩之后大小不同,压缩时间不同。
[root@localhost home]# tar -czf jiaofan.z.tar jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# tar -cjf jiaofan.j.tar jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# tar -cJf jiaofan.J.tar jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# ll -h | grep jiaofan.
drwx------. 26 jiaofan jiaofan 4.0K 3月 26 10:06 jiaofan
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.0M 3月 26 15:56 jiaofan.j.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 789K 3月 26 15:57 jiaofan.J.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.9M 3月 26 15:56 jiaofan.z.tar
[root@localhost home]#
4、解压jiaofan文件夹
[root@localhost jiao1]# ls
jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost jiao1]# tar -xf jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost jiao1]# ls
jiaofan jiaofan.tar
[root@localhost jiao1]#