出处:http://blog.csdn.net/cnsword/article/details/8034947
C++11对关键字进行了修订,加入了nullptr、constexpr、decltype、default、static_assert等,同时原有的关键字(auto,using,extern)含义和用途进行了修订。在这里主要了解一下对auto、using、extern这三个关键字的修订。
auto
自动化变量
auto a = 12;
auto b = 12.0f;
auto c = true;
auto d = [] (int x)->int{ return 12;};
auto e = std::bind(&func, _1);
延迟绑定
template<typename T, typename L>
auto fun(T x, L y)->decltype(x + y){return x;}
using
定义别名
template<typename T>
using Tlist = std::list<T>;
using Tlist = std::list<char>;
using df = void(*)();//等价于typedef void(*df)()
和typedef的区别:C++11标准7.1.3.2:( https://isocpp.org/files/papers/N3690.pdf )
- 定义一般类型的别名没区别。
2 A typedef-name can also be introduced by an alias-declaration. The identifier following the using keyword becomes a typedef-name and the optional attribute-specifier-seq following the identifier appertains to that typedef-name. It has the same semantics as if it were introduced by the typedef specifier. In particular, it does not define a new type and it shall not appear in the type-id. [Example: using handler_t = void (*)(int); extern handler_t ignore; extern void (*ignore)(int); // redeclare ignore using cell = pair<void*, cell*>; // ill-formed — end example ]
- 定义模板的别名,只能使用using。
使用外部构造
using A::A;
引入外部类型
using typename A;
extern
外部模板
extern template<typename T>void(T t);