mybatis的简单使用

mybatis 是一个优秀的基于java的持久层框架。

内部封装了jdbc，使开发者只需要关注sql语句本身，而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的过程。

目前采用Mybatis的代理开发方式实现DAO层是企业的主流，在使用Mybatis代理模式之前我们先尝试使用传统模式使用Mybatis。

环境准备

导入依赖

<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>

<!--mysql驱动-->
<dependency>    
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>   
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>    
    <version>5.1.6</version>    
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>    
    <groupId>junit</groupId>    
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>    
    <version>4.12</version>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

mysql配置文件，resources/jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

主配置文件，resources/mybatis.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <!--通过properties标签加载外部properties文件-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>

    <!--自定义别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.example.bean.User" alias="user"></typeAlias>
    </typeAliases>

    <!--数据源环境-->
    <environments default="developement">
        <environment id="developement">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>


    <!--加载映射文件-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/example/mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

映射文件，resources/com/example/mapper/UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="userMapper">

    <select id="findAll" resultType="user">
        select * from user
    </select>

</mapper>

实体类

public class User {

    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

	//省略getter、setter方法
}

传统模式使用Mybatis

public interface UserDao {
    List<User> findAll();
}

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public List<User> findAll() {
        InputStream resourceAsStream = null;
        try {
            resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new
                SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("userMapper.findAll");
        sqlSession.close();
        return userList;
    }
}

测试

public class UserDaoTest {

    @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
        List<User> list = userDao.findAll();
        System.out.println(list);
    }

}

代理模式使用Mybatis

代理模式程序员只需要编写Mapper接口，相当于Dao接口，Mybatis会根据该接口和对应的Mapper映射文件生成对应的代理实现类。

使用代理模式需要遵守一些规范

1. Mapper接口的全限定名和Mapper.xml文件中的namespace相同
2. Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同
3. Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的parameterType的类型相同
4. Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同

Mapper接口

public interface UserMapper {
    List<User> findAll();
}

映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="findAll" resultType="user">
        select * from user
    </select>

</mapper>

测试

public class UserDaoTest {

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() throws IOException {
        InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml");
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        //获得MyBatis框架生成的UserMapper接口的实现类
        UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        List<User> list = userMapper.findAll();
        System.out.println(list);
        sqlSession.close();
    }

}