android 开发技巧(14)--通过ViewHolder优化适配器

Adapter类的定义：

Adapter对象是AdapterView和底层数据见的桥梁。Adapter用于访问数据项，并且负责为数据项生成视图

AdapterView是一个抽象类，用于那些需要通过Adapter填充自身的视图，其常见子类是ListView。显示AdapterView时会调用Adapter的getView()方法创建并添加每个子条目的视图。Adapter的getView()方法就是用来创建这些视图的，Adapter并不会为每行数据都创建一个新视图，而是提供了回收旧视图的方法。运行机制简单说就是当getView()方法被调用是，如果convertView参数不为null,就使用convertView，不用新建视图，通过convertView.findViewById()方法获取每个UI控件的引用，然后使用与当前项的位置绑定的数据来填充视图

为了优化，使用ViewHolder模式，ViewHolder是一个静态类，可以用于保存每行的视图以避免每次调用getView时都会调用findViewById()

public class Hack25Activity extends ListActivity {
    private static final int MODEL_COUNT = 30;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setListAdapter(new ModelAdapter(this, 0, buildModels()));
    }

    private List<Model> buildModels() {
        final ArrayList<Model> ret = new ArrayList<Model>(MODEL_COUNT);
        for (int i = 0; i < MODEL_COUNT; i++) {
            final Model model = new Model();
            model.setImage(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
            model.setText1("Name " + i);
            model.setText2("Description " + i);
            ret.add(model);
        }
        return ret;
    }
}

Model.java

public class Model {

  private String mText1;
  private String mText2;
  private int mImageResId;

  public String getText1() {
    return mText1;
  }

  public void setText1(String text1) {
    mText1 = text1;
  }

  public String getText2() {
    return mText2;
  }

  public void setText2(String text2) {
    mText2 = text2;
  }

  public int getImage() {
    return mImageResId;
  }

  public void setImage(int imageResId) {
    mImageResId = imageResId;
  }
}

ModelAdapter.java

public class ModelAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Model> {

  private LayoutInflater mInflater;

  public ModelAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId,
      List<Model> objects) {
    super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
    mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
  }

  @Override
  public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    final ViewHolder viewHolder;

    if (convertView == null) {
      convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.row_layout, parent,
          false);

      viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
      viewHolder.imageView = (ImageView) convertView
          .findViewById(R.id.image);
      viewHolder.text1 = (TextView) convertView
          .findViewById(R.id.text1);
      viewHolder.text2 = (TextView) convertView
          .findViewById(R.id.text2);

      convertView.setTag(viewHolder);

    } else {
      viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
    }

    Model model = getItem(position);
    viewHolder.imageView.setImageResource(model.getImage());
    viewHolder.text1.setText(model.getText1());
    viewHolder.text2.setText(model.getText2());

    return convertView;
  }

  private static class ViewHolder {
    public ImageView imageView;
    public TextView text1;
    public TextView text2;
  }
}

row_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/image"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/text1"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/text2"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

以上代码就基本实现了功能
不过每次都自定义ViewHolder比较繁琐，在网上找了一个工具类，共享一下
ViewHolder.java

public class ViewHolder {
    public static  <T extends View> T get(View view, int id) {
        SparseArray<View> viewHolder = (SparseArray<View>) view.getTag();
        if (viewHolder == null) { 
            viewHolder = new SparseArray<View>(); 
            view.setTag(viewHolder); 
        } 
        View childView = viewHolder.get(id); 
        if (childView == null) { 
            childView = view.findViewById(id); 
            viewHolder.put(id, childView); 
        } 
        return (T) childView; 
    } 
} 

使用方法：

    @Override  
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {  

        if (convertView == null) {  
            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context)  
              .inflate(R.layout.banana_phone, parent, false);  
        }  

        ImageView bananaView = ViewHolder.get(convertView, R.id.banana);  
        TextView phoneView = ViewHolder.get(convertView, R.id.phone);  

        BananaPhone bananaPhone = getItem(position);  
        phoneView.setText(bananaPhone.getPhone());  
        bananaView.setImageResource(bananaPhone.getBanana());  

        return convertView;  
    }  

参考资料
【工具类】ViewHolder模式超简洁写法