Java 序列化之 Externalizable

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-19 21:49:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-19 21:49:10 发布

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分类专栏： java IO 文章标签： externalizable 序列化 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jijianshuai/article/details/79937535

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相关文章： Java 序列化之 Serializable

JDK中除了提供 Serializable 序列化接口外，还提供了另一个序列化接口Externalizable，使用该接口之后，之前基于Serializable接口的序列化机制就将失效。Externalizable 的序列化机制优先级要高于 Serializable 。

Externalizable 源码分析

从源码中，我们可以看到 Externalizable 接口继承了 Serializable 接口。并定义了两个方法 writeExternal 和 readExternal 方法

Externalizable 示例一

User 类

public class User implements Externalizable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1318824539146791009L;
    private String userName;
    private transient String password;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
    }
    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    }
}

User 类有两个属性，一个是非 transient 字段的userName 和一个 transient 字段的password，并实现了 Externalizable 接口，writeExternal 和 readExternal 方法都不填写任何逻辑。
然后下面的代码，来看下序列化和反序列化 User 对象的效果。

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("d:\\a.user");
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setUserName("zhangsan");
        user1.setPassword("123456");
        oos.writeObject(user1);

        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
        User user2 = (User) ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(user2);
    }
}

执行结果：
User [userName=null, password=null]

示例二

实现 Externalizable 接口的两个方法的实现，代码如下：

public class User implements Externalizable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1318824539146791009L;
    private String userName;
    private transient String password;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(this.userName);
        out.writeObject(this.password);
    }
    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        this.userName = in.readObject().toString();
        this.password = in.readObject().toString();
    }
}

在 writeExternal 方法中写入 userName 和 password 两个数据，在 readExternal 方法中读取反序列化的信息并赋值给 userName 和 password 两个字段。

执行 Test.main 方法。

执行结果如下：
User [userName=zhangsan, password=123456]

结论一

实现 Externalizable 接口后，序列化的细节需要由开发人员自己实现。由于writeExternal()与readExternal()方法未作任何处理，那么该序列化行为将不会保存/读取任何一个字段。这也就是为什么输出结果中所有字段的值均为空。
实现 Externalizable 接口后，属性字段使用 transient 和不使用没有任何区别。

示例三

public class User implements Serializable, Externalizable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1318824539146791009L;
    private String userName;
    private transient String password;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    }
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws Exception {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        this.password = (String) s.readObject();
    }
    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
        s.defaultWriteObject();
        s.writeObject("serializable:"+this.password);
    }
    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(this.userName);
        out.writeObject("externalizable:"+this.password);
    }
    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        this.userName = (String)in.readObject();
        this.password = (String)in.readObject();
    }
}

User 类既实现了 Serializable 接口，又实现了 Externalizable 接口（其实没啥意义，因为 Externalizable 已经继承了 Serializable 接口）。
在 readObject 和 writeObject 方法中实现了序列化和发序列化。
在 readExternal 和 writeExternal 方法中也实现了序列化和发序列化。

当执行 Test.main() 方法，执行的结果如下：

User [userName=zhangsan, password=externalizable:123456]
可以看出，执行的是 Externalizable ，而不是 Serializable 。

结论二

Externalizable 序列化的优先级比Serializable的优先级高。

示例四

public class User implements Externalizable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1318824539146791009L;
    private String userName;
    private transient String password;

    public User(String userName, String password) {
        super();
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeObject(this.userName);
        out.writeObject("externalizable:"+this.password);
    }
    @Override
    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        this.userName = (String)in.readObject();
        this.password = (String)in.readObject();
    }
}

User 类实现了 Externalizable 接口，并且有一个带参数的构造方法。

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("d:\\a.user");
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
        User user1 = new User("zhangsan", "123456");
        oos.writeObject(user1);

        System.out.println("-------序列化成功");

        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
        User user2 = (User) ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(user2);
        System.out.println("-------反序列化成功");
    }
}