Linq

LINQ(语言集成查询)的意图是提供一种统一且对称的方式，让程序员在广义的数据上得到和操作“数据”。通过使用LINQ，我们能够在C#程序语言内直接创建被陈伟查询表达式的实体。

      1.简单的Linq查询式：

             
        static void QueryOverInts()
        {
            int[] numbers = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 1, 4, 7, 9 };
            IEnumerable<int> subset = from i in numbers where i < 10 select i;
            foreach (int i in subset)
                Console.WriteLine("Item:{0}", i);
        }

       （1）隐式局部变量：

             var subset = from i in numbers where i < 10 select i;
        (2)扩展方法：

             往早先编译好的类型里添加新的成员；

        （3）延迟执行：

              在迭代内容前，LINQ不会真正做运算，这样可以为相同的容器多次应用相同的LINQ查询；

        （4）立即执行：

              以强类型容器来捕获LINQ查询结果，然后这个容器就不会再“连接”到LINQ表达式了；

                      int[] subsetIntArray = (from i in numbers where i < 10 select i).ToArray<int>();

                      List<int> subsetAsLisnt = (from i in numbers where i < 10 select i).ToList<int>();

       2..查询运算符的内部表示：

          （1）用查询运算符建立查询表达式：

     static void QueryOverStrings()
        {
            string[] currentVideoGames = { "Morrowind", "BioShock", "Half Life 2:Episode 1", "The Darkness", "Daxter",     "System Shock 2" };
            IEnumerable<string> subset = from g in currentVideoGames where g.Length > 6 orderby g select g;
            foreach (string s in subset)
                Console.WriteLine("Item:{0}", s);
            ReflectOverQueryResults(subset);
        } 

           （2）使用Enumerable类型和Lambda表达式来建立查询表达式：

                       static void QueryStringWithEnumerableAndLambdas()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("*****Using Enumerable/Lambda Expressions*****");
            string[] currentVideoGames = { "Morrowind", "BioShock", "Half Life 2:Episode 1", "The Darkness", "Daxter", "System Shock 2" };
            var subset = currentVideoGames.Where(game => game.Length > 6).OrderBy(game => game).Select(game => game);
            foreach (var game in subset)
                Console.WriteLine("Item :{0}", game);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

 

          3.LINQ查询运算符：

                （1）基本选择语法：

                       var result=from item in container select item;

                （2）获取数据子集：

                       var result=from item in container where Boolean expression select item;