android录制音频有三种方式:系统自带的应用;通过MediaRecorder来进行音频的录制;AudioRecord录制音频。
1:音频格式比较
WAV格式:是PCM格式,文件大,听起来清晰。
AAC格式:相对于mp3,AAC格式的音质更好,文件更小;有损压缩;API=16才会支持播放
AMR格式:压缩比较大,但相对其他的压缩格式质量比较差,多用于人声,和通话录音。
总结比较:
2:系统自带是通过Intent调用系统的录音器功能,然后在录制完毕保存以后在onActivityResult中返回录制的音频的uri,然后通过Mediaplayer进行播放。
优点:方便简单
缺点:不同手机会修改,不利于集成开发;可拓展性不强。
代码:
public void systemAudio(View view) { Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.Audio.Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION); startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_RECORDER); }
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == REQUEST_RECORDER && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { mUri = data.getData(); Log.e("sss", "onActivityResult: "+mUri.toString() ); playAudio(); } }
public void playAudio() { if (mUri != null) { if (mMediaPlayer != null) { mMediaPlayer.reset(); try { mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(this, mUri); mMediaPlayer.prepare(); mMediaPlayer.start(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { Toast.makeText(this,"没有成功创建Mediaplayer",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }
注意:android6.0以上要动态授权。
3:通过MediaRecorder
MediaRecoder已经集成了录音、编码、压缩等,支持少量的录音格式,aac(api=16),amr,3gp
优点:大部分代码集成,直接调用相关接口即可,代码量小
缺点:无法时时处理音频;输出的音频格式不是很多,没有mp3的格式
代码:
public class MediaRecorderManger { private boolean isRecord = false; private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder; private MediaRecorderManger(){ } private static MediaRecorderManger mInstance; public static MediaRecorderManger getInstance(){ if(mInstance == null) { synchronized(MediaRecorderManger.class) { mInstance = new MediaRecorderManger(); } } return mInstance; } public int startRecordAndFile(){ //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard if(AudioFileUtil.isSdcardExit()) { if(isRecord) { return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING; } else { if(mMediaRecorder == null) createMediaRecord(); try{ mMediaRecorder.prepare(); mMediaRecorder.start(); // 让录制状态为true isRecord = true; return ErrorCode.SUCCESS; }catch(IOException ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); return ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN; } } } else { return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD; } } public void stopRecordAndFile(){ close(); } public long getRecordFileSize(){ return AudioFileUtil.getFileSize(AudioFileUtil.getAMRFilePath()); } private void createMediaRecord(){ /* ①Initial:实例化MediaRecorder对象 */ mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(); /* setAudioSource/setVedioSource*/ mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_INPUT);//设置麦克风 /* 设置输出文件的格式:THREE_GPP/MPEG-4/RAW_AMR/Default * THREE_GPP(3gp格式,H263视频/ARM音频编码)、MPEG-4、RAW_AMR(只支持音频且音频编码要求为AMR_NB) */ mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT); /* 设置音频文件的编码:AAC/AMR_NB/AMR_MB/Default */ mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT); /* 设置输出文件的路径 */ File file = new File(AudioFileUtil.getAMRFilePath()); if (file.exists()) { file.delete(); } mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileUtil.getAMRFilePath()); } private void close(){ if (mMediaRecorder != null) { System.out.println("stopRecord"); isRecord = false; mMediaRecorder.stop(); mMediaRecorder.release(); mMediaRecorder = null; } } }
:4:通过AudioRecord
主要是实现边播边录(AudioRecord+AudioTrack)以及对音频的实时处理(如语音)
优点:语音的实时处理,可以用代码实现各种音频的封装
缺点:输出的PCM语音数据,如果保存成音频文件,是不能够被播放器播放的 ,必须先代码实现数据的编码和压缩
实现录音流程:
1:构造一个AudioRecord对象,其中需要的最小录音缓存buffer大小可以通过getMinBufferSize方法得到。如果buffer容量过小,降导致对象构造失败。
2:初始化一个buffer,该buffer大于等于AudioRecord对象用于写声音数据的buffer大小
3:开始录音
4:创建一个数据流,一边从AudioRecord中读取声音数据到初始化buffer,一边将buffer中的数据导入数据流。
5:关闭数据流
6:停止录音
代码:
public class AudioRecordManger { private static final String TAG = "AudioRecordManger"; // 缓冲区字节大小 private int bufferSizeInBytes = 0; //AudioName裸音频数据文件 ,麦克风 private String AudioName = ""; //NewAudioName可播放的音频文件 private String NewAudioName = ""; private AudioRecord audioRecord; private boolean isRecord = false;// 设置正在录制的状态 private AudioRecordThread mAudioRecordThread = new AudioRecordThread();//录制线程 private AudioRecordPlayThread mAudioRecordPlayThead;//播放线程 private static AudioRecordManger mInstance; AudioTrack mAudioTrack; private int BufferSize=1024; private AudioRecordManger() { } public static AudioRecordManger getInstance() { if (mInstance == null) synchronized (AudioRecordManger.class) { if (mInstance == null) { mInstance = new AudioRecordManger(); } } return mInstance; } public void startRecordAndFile() { //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard if (AudioFileUtil.isSdcardExit()) { if (isRecord==true) { Log.e(TAG, "无法开始录制,当前状态为:" + isRecord); return ; } else { if (audioRecord == null) createAudioRecord(); Log.e(TAG, "开始录制,当前状态为:" + isRecord); audioRecord.startRecording(); // 让录制状态为true isRecord = true; // 开启音频文件写入线程 new Thread(mAudioRecordThread).start(); } } else { Log.e(TAG, "路径不存在"); } } public void stopRecordAndFile() { close(); } public long getRecordFileSize() { return AudioFileUtil.getFileSize(NewAudioName); } private void close() { if (audioRecord != null) { Log.e(TAG, "停止录制,当前状态为:" + isRecord); isRecord = false;//停止文件写入 audioRecord.stop(); audioRecord.release();//释放资源 audioRecord = null; } } private void createAudioRecord() { // 获取音频文件路径 AudioName = AudioFileUtil.getRawFilePath(); NewAudioName = AudioFileUtil.getWavFilePath(); // 获得缓冲区字节大小 bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT); // 创建AudioRecord对象 audioRecord = new AudioRecord(AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes); } class AudioRecordThread implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { writeDateTOFile();//往文件中写入裸数据 copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName);//给裸数据加上头文件 } } class AudioRecordPlayThread implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { Log.e(TAG, "开始播放,当前状态为:" + isRecord); try { BufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT); mAudioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 11025,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, BufferSize,AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(NewAudioName); mAudioTrack.play(); byte[] bytes = new byte[BufferSize]; while(true == isRecord) { int read = fis.read(bytes); //若读取有错则跳过 if (AudioTrack.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION == read || AudioTrack.ERROR_BAD_VALUE == read) { continue; } if (read != 0 && read != -1) { mAudioTrack.write(bytes, 0, BufferSize); } } mAudioTrack.stop(); mAudioTrack.release();//释放资源 fis.close();//关流 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } isRecord = false; Log.e(TAG, "播放停止"); } } /** *播放音频 */ public void playRecord() { if (isRecord = false) { Log.e(TAG, "无法开始播放,当前状态为:" + isRecord); return; } Log.e(TAG, "开始播放,当前状态为"+isRecord); isRecord = true; mAudioRecordPlayThead = new AudioRecordPlayThread(); new Thread(mAudioRecordPlayThead) .start(); } /** * 停止播放 */ public void stopPlayRecord() { if (null != mAudioRecordPlayThead) { Log.d(TAG, "停止播放,当前状态为"); mAudioRecordPlayThead = null; } isRecord = false; } /** * 这里将数据写入文件,但是并不能播放,因为AudioRecord获得的音频是原始的裸音频, * 如果需要播放就必须加入一些格式或者编码的头信息。但是这样的好处就是你可以对音频的 裸数据进行处理,比如你要做一个爱说话的TOM * 猫在这里就进行音频的处理,然后重新封装 所以说这样得到的音频比较容易做一些音频的处理。 */ private void writeDateTOFile() { // new一个byte数组用来存一些字节数据,大小为缓冲区大小 byte[] audiodata = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes]; FileOutputStream fos = null; int readsize = 0; try { File file = new File(AudioName); if (file.exists()) { file.delete(); } fos = new FileOutputStream(file);// 建立一个可存取字节的文件 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } while (isRecord == true) { readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0, bufferSizeInBytes); if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos != null) { try { fos.write(audiodata); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } try { if (fos != null) fos.close();// 关闭写入流 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 这里得到可播放的音频文件 private void copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) { FileInputStream in = null; FileOutputStream out = null; long totalAudioLen = 0; long totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; long longSampleRate = AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE; int channels = 2; long byteRate = 16 * AudioFileUtil.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels / 8; byte[] data = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes]; try { in = new FileInputStream(inFilename); out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename); totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size(); totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen, longSampleRate, channels, byteRate); while (in.read(data) != -1) { out.write(data); } in.close(); out.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 这里提供一个头信息。插入这些信息就可以得到可以播放的文件。 * 为我为啥插入这44个字节,这个还真没深入研究,不过你随便打开一个wav * 音频的文件,可以发现前面的头文件可以说基本一样哦。每种格式的文件都有 * 自己特有的头文件。 */ private void WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen, long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate) throws IOException { byte[] header = new byte[44]; header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header header[1] = 'I'; header[2] = 'F'; header[3] = 'F'; header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff); header[8] = 'W'; header[9] = 'A'; header[10] = 'V'; header[11] = 'E'; header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk header[13] = 'm'; header[14] = 't'; header[15] = ' '; header[16] = 16; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; header[20] = 1; // format = 1 header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channels; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff); header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff); header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align header[33] = 0; header[34] = 16; // bits per sample header[35] = 0; header[36] = 'd'; header[37] = 'a'; header[38] = 't'; header[39] = 'a'; header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff); out.write(header, 0, 44); } }