你真的了解Android ListView吗？

什么是Android ListView？

ListView是一个显示可滚动的项目列表视图组。 该列表中的项目使用的是自动插入到列表Adapter ，拉从源内容，如数组或数据库查询，把每个项目导如成被放置到列表的视图。

在android开发中ListView是比较常用的组件，它以列表的形式展示具体内容，并且能够根据数据的长度自适应显示。

说到ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。

在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为

• ArrayAdapter
• BaseAdapter
• CursorAdapter
• HeaderViewListAdapter
• ResourceCursorAdapter
• SimpleAdapter
• SimpleCursorAdapter
• WrapperListAdapter

软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter。

---

ListView的实例

简单的ListView

在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西 我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {
 private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：哈哈","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：haha@gmail.com"};
 ListView mListView = null;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 mListView = getListView();
 setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));
 mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
 long id) {
 Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
 });

 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 }
}

带标题的ListView列表

使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入 ，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

public class TitleList extends ListActivity {
 private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
 private String[] mListStr = { "哈哈", "男", "25", "北京",
 "haha@gmail.com" };
 ListView mListView = null;
 ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 mListView = getListView();

 int lengh = mListTitle.length;
 for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
 Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
 item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
 item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
 mData.add(item);
 }
 SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
 new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
 setListAdapter(adapter);
 mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
 long id) {
 Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
 });
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 }
}

带图片的ListView列表

使用 simpleAdapter 来操作 但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成 ，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容 如 图片 标题 内容等。

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight">
 <ImageView android:id="@+id/image"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
 android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:adjustViewBounds="true"
 android:padding="2dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/title"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
 android:layout_above="@+id/text"
 android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical"
 android:textSize="15dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/text"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
 android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
 android:ellipsize="marquee"
 android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {
 private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
 private String[] mListStr = { "哈哈", "男", "25", "北京",
 "haha@gmail.com" };
 ListView mListView = null;
 ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 mListView = getListView();

 int lengh = mListTitle.length;
 for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
 Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
 item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);
 item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
 item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
 mData.add(item);
 }
 SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,
 new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});
 setListAdapter(adapter);
 mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
 long id) {
 Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
 });
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 }
}

自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

因为通过直接 构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法 ，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数 ，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色 并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
 <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
 android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:adjustViewBounds="true"
 android:padding="2dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
 android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
 android:ellipsize="marquee"
 android:textSize="15dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
 android:layout_below="@+id/color_title"
 android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
 android:singleLine="true"
 android:ellipsize="marquee"
 android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

MianActivity.java

public class MianActivity extends ListActivity {
 private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
 private String[] mListStr = { "哈哈", "男", "25", "北京",
 "haha@gmail.com" };
 ListView mListView = null;
 MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 mListView = getListView();
 myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);
 setListAdapter(myAdapter);
 mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
 long id) {
 View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);
 v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
 Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
 });

 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 }

 class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
 private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };
 public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
 mContext = context;
 }

 public int getCount() {
 return mListStr.length;
 }

 @Override
 public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
 return false;
 }

 public Object getItem(int position) {
 return position;
 }

 public long getItemId(int position) {
 return position;
 }

 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 ImageView iamge = null;
 TextView title = null;
 TextView text = null;
 if (convertView == null) {
 convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);
 iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);
 title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);
 text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);
 }
 int colorPos = position % colors.length;
 convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
 title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
 text.setText(mListStr[position]);
 iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
 return convertView;
 }

 private Context mContext;
 }
}

自定义布局ArrayAdapter

ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项 并且列表项很多的 建议使用ArrayAdapter。

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
 <Button
 android:id="@+id/array_button"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="用户"
 />
 <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
 android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:adjustViewBounds="true"
 android:padding="2dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
 android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
 android:ellipsize="marquee"
 android:textSize="15dip" />
 <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text"
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
 android:layout_below="@+id/array_title"
 android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
 android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
 android:singleLine="true"
 android:ellipsize="marquee"
 android:textSize="20dip" />

</RelativeLayout>

MianActivity.java

public class ArrayList extends ListActivity {
 private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
 private String[] mListStr = { "哈哈", "男", "25", "北京",
 "haha@gmail.com" };
 ListView mListView = null;
 MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
 ArrayList arrayList = null;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 arrayList = this;
 mListView = getListView();
 myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this,R.layout.arraylist);
 setListAdapter(myAdapter);
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 }

 public class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Object> {
 int mTextViewResourceID = 0;
 private Context mContext;
 public MyListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {
 super(context, textViewResourceId);
 mTextViewResourceID = textViewResourceId;
 mContext = context;
 }

 private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };

 public int getCount() {
 return mListStr.length;
 }

 @Override
 public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
 return false;
 }

 public Object getItem(int position) {
 return position;
 }

 public long getItemId(int position) {
 return position;
 }

 public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 ImageView iamge = null;
 TextView title = null;
 TextView text = null;
 Button button = null;
 if (convertView == null) {
 convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(
 mTextViewResourceID, null);
 iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_image);
 title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_title);
 text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_text);
 button = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_button);
 button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

 @Override
 public void onClick(View arg0) {
 Toast.makeText(arrayList,"您点击的第"+position +"个按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

 }
 });
 }
 int colorPos = position % colors.length;
 convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
 title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
 text.setText(mListStr[position]);
 if(colorPos == 0)
 iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
 else
 iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);
 return convertView;
 }
 }
}