基于51单片机的大棚环境土壤湿度光强监测系统proteus仿真原理图PCB

功能介绍：
0.本系统采用STC89C52作为单片机
1.系统实时监测当前温湿度/土壤湿度/环境光强并显示
2.温湿度超过设定阈值范围，蜂鸣器响，同时开启对应控制继电器
3.土壤湿度低于设定下限，开启喷洒，直至达到上限，关闭喷洒
4.环境光强超过设定上限，启动遮阳伞，环境光强低于设定下限，停用遮阳伞
5.按键可修改阈值范围
6.采用DC002作为电源接口可直接输入5V给整个系统供电

原理图：

PCB ：

主程序：

#include "main.h"

#define MAXCNT (64*64-1)
#define MINCNT (1)

/*******************变量定义*********************/
enum _MODE_DF_ dispMode;
uchar setIndex = 0;
uint humidity; //湿度
uint temperature; //温度
uint light;    //光强
float SH_Value = 0;//土壤湿度

uint hmMin= 50;//湿度下限
uint hmMax= 70;//湿度上限

uint tempMin = 25;//温度下限
uint tempMax = 40;//温度上限

uint lightMin = 30;//光照下限
uint lightMax = 60;//光照上限

int SH_Value_Min = 30;//土壤湿度下限
int SH_Value_Max = 60;//土壤湿度上限

uint motorCnt = 0;     //记录遮光棚位置
uchar motorFlag = 2;        //标记当前控制状态，=0遮阳棚已关闭，=1过程中，=2遮阳棚已打开
bit motorDir = 0;        //方向

bit dispFlag = 0;

bit buzzerFlag1 = 0; //蜂鸣器标志1
bit buzzerFlag2 = 0; //蜂鸣器标志2

char dis[16];

/********************************************************
函数名称:void mian()
函数作用:主函数
参数说明:
********************************************************/
void main()
{
    Timer0_Init(); //初始化定时器0

    LCD_Init();   //初始化液晶
    DelayMs(200); //延时有助于稳定
    LCD_DispStr(4, 0, "Welcome!");
	DelayS(1);
    LCD_Clear();  //清屏


    BYJ48 = ((BYJ48 & 0xF0) | REV[0]); //取数据
	ULN_DQ3 = BIT3; ULN_DQ2 = BIT2; ULN_DQ1 = BIT1; ULN_DQ0 = BIT0;


    while (1) //死循环
    {
        if (dispFlag == 1)
        {
            dispFlag = 0;

            if (dispMode == NORMAL)
            {
                DispNormal();
            }
        }

        if (humidity < hmMin) //湿度低于下限
        {
            buzzerFlag1 = 1;
            RELAY_JS = ON; //加湿开
            RELAY_CS = OFF; //除湿关
        }
        else if (humidity > hmMax)  //湿度高于上限
        {
            buzzerFlag1 = 1;
            RELAY_JS = OFF; //加湿关
            RELAY_CS = ON; //除湿开
        }
        else
        {
            buzzerFlag1 = 0;
            RELAY_JS = OFF; //加湿关
            RELAY_CS = OFF; //除湿关
        }

        if (temperature < tempMin) //温度低于下限
        {
            buzzerFlag2 = 1;
            RELAY_HEAT = ON; //升温开
            RELAY_COOL = OFF; //降温关
        }
        else if (temperature > tempMax)  //温度高于上限
        {
            buzzerFlag2 = 1;
            RELAY_HEAT = OFF; //升温关
            RELAY_COOL = ON; //降温开
        }
        else
        {
            buzzerFlag2 = 0;
            RELAY_HEAT = OFF; //升温关
            RELAY_COOL = OFF; //降温关
        }
        
        if (SH_Value < SH_Value_Min) //土壤湿度低于下限
        {
            RELAY_NY = ON; //喷洒
        }
        else if (SH_Value >= SH_Value_Max)
        {
            RELAY_NY = OFF; //停止喷洒
        }

        if (motorFlag == 2) //遮阳伞已打开
        {
            if (light > lightMax) //光照太强
            {
                //关闭遮阳伞
                motorFlag = 1;
                motorDir = 1;
                motorCnt = 0;
            }
        }
        else if (motorFlag == 0) //遮阳伞已关闭
        {
            if (light < lightMin) //光照低于下限
            {
                //打开遮阳伞
                motorFlag = 1;
                motorDir = 0;
                motorCnt = MAXCNT;
            }
        }

        if (buzzerFlag1 || buzzerFlag2) //蜂鸣器报警
        {
            BUZZER = ON;
        }
        else
        {
            BUZZER = OFF;
        }


        KeyProcess();
    }   
}

/*------------------------------------------------
                    定时器初始化子程序
------------------------------------------------*/
void Timer0_Init(void)
{
    TMOD |= 0x01; //使用模式1，16位定时器，使用"|"符号可以在使用多个定时器时不受影响
    TH0 = (65536 - 9216) / 256; //重新赋值 10ms
    TL0 = (65536 - 9216) % 256;
    EA = 1;  //总中断打开
    ET0 = 1; //定时器中断打开
    TR0 = 1; //定时器开关打开
}
/*------------------------------------------------
                定时器中断子程序
------------------------------------------------*/
void Timer0_Interrupt(void) interrupt 1
{
    static unsigned int time1ms  = 0;
	TL0 = 0x66;		//设置定时初始值
	TH0 = 0xFC;		//设置定时初始值 1ms
    time1ms++;

    if (time1ms > 500)
    {
        dispFlag = 1; //显示标志
        time1ms = 0;
    }

    if (motorFlag == 1)
    {
        if (motorDir == 1)
        {
            motorCnt++;
            BYJ48 = ((BYJ48 & 0xF0) | REV[motorCnt % 8]); //取数据
			ULN_DQ3 = BIT3; ULN_DQ2 = BIT2; ULN_DQ1 = BIT1; ULN_DQ0 = BIT0;
            if (motorCnt >= MAXCNT)
            {
                motorFlag = 0;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            motorCnt--;
            BYJ48 = ((BYJ48 & 0xF0) | REV[motorCnt % 8]); //取数据
			ULN_DQ3 = BIT3; ULN_DQ2 = BIT2; ULN_DQ1 = BIT1; ULN_DQ0 = BIT0;
            if (motorCnt <= 0)
            {
                motorFlag = 2;
            }
        }
    }
}

void DispNormal(void)
{
    ET0 = 0;
    DHT11_0_ReadData();
    ET0 = 1;
    temperature = U8T_data_H; //读取温度
    humidity = U8RH_data_H; //读取湿度
    sprintf(dis, "Hm:%2d%% T:%3d", humidity, temperature);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 0, dis);
    LCD_DispOneChar(12, 0, 0xdf);
    LCD_DispOneChar(13, 0, 'C');
    LCD_DispOneChar(14, 0, ' ');
    LCD_DispOneChar(15, 0, ' ');

    SH_Value = 99 * (255-ReadADC(AIN0_GND)) / 210; //读取土壤湿度
    if (SH_Value > 99)
    {
        SH_Value = 99;
    }

    light = 100 - 100 * ReadADC(AIN1_GND) / 255; //读取光强

    sprintf(dis, "L:%2d%% SH:%2d", light, (int)SH_Value);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 1, dis);

    if (motorFlag == 2) //遮阳伞已打开
    {
        LCD_DispStr(11, 1, " St:O");
    }
    else if (motorFlag == 1)
    {
        LCD_DispStr(11, 1, " St:D");
    }
    else if (motorFlag == 0) //遮阳伞已关闭
    {
        LCD_DispStr(11, 1, " St:C");
    }

}

/************************* 设置湿度阈值 *************************/
void DispSetHm(unsigned char setIndex)
{

    LCD_DispStr(0, 0, "  Set Humidity  ");
    sprintf(dis, "   H:%2d%% L:%2d%%  ", hmMax, hmMin);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 1, dis);
    
    switch (setIndex)
    {
        case 1: LCD_SetCursor(6, 1, 1); break;
        case 2: LCD_SetCursor(12, 1, 1); break;
        default:;
    } 
}

/************************* 设置温度阈值 *************************/
void DispSetTemp(unsigned char setIndex)
{

    LCD_DispStr(0, 0, "Set Temperature ");
    sprintf(dis, "   H:%3d L:%3d  ", tempMax, tempMin);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 1, dis);
    
    switch (setIndex)
    {
        case 1: LCD_SetCursor(7, 1, 1); break;
        case 2: LCD_SetCursor(13, 1, 1); break;
        default:;
    } 
}

/************************* 设置光照阈值 *************************/
void DispSetLight(unsigned char setIndex)
{

    LCD_DispStr(0, 0, " Set LightLimit ");
    sprintf(dis, "   H:%2d%% L:%2d%%  ", lightMax, lightMin);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 1, dis);
    
    switch (setIndex)
    {
        case 1: LCD_SetCursor(6, 1, 1); break;
        case 2: LCD_SetCursor(12, 1, 1); break;
        default:;
    } 
}

/************************* 设置土壤湿度阈值 *************************/
void DispSetSH(unsigned char setIndex)
{

    LCD_DispStr(0, 0, "  Set SH Limit  ");
    sprintf(dis, "  H:%3d  L:%3d  ", SH_Value_Max, SH_Value_Min);
    LCD_DispStr(0, 1, dis);
    
    switch (setIndex)
    {
        case 1: LCD_SetCursor(6, 1, 1); break;
        case 2: LCD_SetCursor(13, 1, 1); break;
        default:;
    } 
}

仿真演示视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1h3411V7Jn/

实物演示视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ee4y1n7ZD/