对Spring MVC中几个常用注解的用法和参数分析

在学习SpringMVC时一直对下面这几个注解的参数分不太清楚，现在来重新理一下。

1. @RequestAttribute
   就像@SessionAttribute一样，注解@RequestAttribute可以被用于访问由过滤器或拦截器创建的、预先存在的请求属性。
   源码：

   @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
   @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   @Documented
   public @interface RequestAttribute {
        
       @AliasFor("name")//作为name的别名
       String value() default "";
   
       @AliasFor("value")//作为value的别名
   
       //The default name is inferred from the method parameter name.
       String name() default "";
   
       boolean required() default true;
   }

   从源码中可以看出，name属性其实和value属性是一样的，互相为对方的别名。属性name（或者说value）的默认值是形参名。
   如果同时设置了name和value为不同的值，那么结果会怎么样？
   controller层部分代码：

   @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.GET)
   public ModelAndView register(@RequestParam(name = "info1", value = "info2")String info){
       System.out.println("info = " + info);
       ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
       modelAndView.setViewName("register");
       return modelAndView;
   }

   出错信息：

   org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException: In annotation [org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam] declared on public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.ths.demo3.controller.UserController.register(java.lang.String) and synthesized from [@org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam(name=info1, value=info2, defaultValue=
       , required=true)], attribute 'name' and its alias 'value' are present with values of [info1] and [info2], but only one is permitted.
   org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:982)
   org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861)
   javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)
   org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
   javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
   org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)

   可以看到attribute 'name' and its alias 'value' are present with values of [info1] and [info2], but only one is permitted这行，name和value确实是绑定的，不能同时设定为不同的值。

2. @RequestParam
   @RequestParam用于将请求参数数据映射到功能处理方法的参数上。更通俗的讲，就是将请求中的参数放到方法的形参里，从而更加方便使用。
   源码：

   @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
   @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   @Documented
   public @interface RequestParam {
       @AliasFor("name")
       String value() default "";
   
       @AliasFor("value")
       String name() default "";
   
       //Defaults to true, leading to an exception being thrown if the parameter is missing in the request. Switch this to false if you prefer a null value if the parameter is not present in the request.
       //Alternatively, provide a defaultValue(), which implicitly sets this flag to