hibernate对类的继承关系的三种策略。以动物（Animal、Pig、Bird）为例
一、所有类的属性（字段）放入在一张表中
特点，数据库查询效率高，但粒度比较粗，会有冗余字段，配置特点是在配置文件中添加了discriminator-value标签属性。
java类
package test.hibernate.spring.model;
public class Animal {
private int id;
private String name;
private String sex;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Animal() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Animal [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
}package test.hibernate.spring.model;
public class Bird extends Animal {
private int height;
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(int height) {
this.height = height;
}
public Bird() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Bird [height=" + height + "]";
}
}package test.hibernate.spring.model;
public class Pig extends Animal {
private int weight;
public int getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(int weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
public Pig() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pig [weight=" + weight + "]";
}
}配置文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="test.hibernate.spring.model">
<class name="Animal" table="t_animal" discriminator-value="animal">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<!-- 辩别字段，必须放在id后面 -->
<discriminator column="type" type="string"></discriminator>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" />
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sex" />
</property>
<!-- 根据类插入 辩别字段中的值 -->
<subclass name="Pig" discriminator-value="pig">
<property name="weight"></property>
</subclass>
<subclass name="Bird" discriminator-value="bird">
<property name="height"></property>
</subclass>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
测试
package test.hibernate.spring;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import test.hibernate.spring.model.Bird;
import test.hibernate.spring.model.Pig;
public class TestSession {
SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
Session session=null;
Transaction ts=null;
@Before
public void beforP() {
System.out.println("begin....");
/* hibernate规定，所有的配置或服务，必须配置或注册到一个服务注册类中 */
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry sr=configuration.getStandardServiceRegistryBuilder().build();
/* 从注册类中获得工厂类 */
sessionFactory=new MetadataSources(sr).buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/* 通过工厂类开启Session */
session=sessionFactory.openSession();
/* 开启事务 */
ts=session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void endP() {
System.out.println("end....");
/* 提交事务 */
ts.commit();
/* 关闭Session */
session.close();
/* 关闭工厂 */
sessionFactory.close();
}
@Test
public void add() {
Pig p=new Pig();
p.setName("ls");
p.setSex("公");
p.setWeight(300);
Bird b=new Bird();
b.setName("zs");
b.setSex("母");
b.setHeight(500);
session.save(b);
}
}二、每个类一张表，用joined-subclass标签来配置，java类没有变化。
配置
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping
package="test.hibernate.spring.model">
<class name="Animal" table="t_animal">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" />
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sex" />
</property>
<!-- 子类单独有一张表 -->
<joined-subclass name="Pig" table="t_pig">
<key column="p_id"></key>
<property name="weight" type="int" column="height"></property>
</joined-subclass>
<joined-subclass name="Bird" table="t_bird">
<key column="b_id"></key>
<property name="height" type="int" column="height"></property>
</joined-subclass>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
测试
与第一种相同
三、每个具体类一张表（每个子类一张表，每张表都有自己所有的属性字段，包括父类的公共字段）使用<union-subclass>标签
java类，父类的id改成String类型，子类不变
/**
*Description:
*author: ljd
*@date 2024年8月2日
*@version 1.0
*/
package test.hibernate.spring.model;
public class Animal {
private String id;
private String name;
private String sex;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Animal() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Animal [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
}
配置
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping
package="test.hibernate.spring.model">
<!-- 这种配置方式，t_animal表不会有任何数据插入，加入abstract="true"属性，则可以避免生成t_animal这张表 -->
<class abstract="true" name="Animal" table="t_animal">
<id name="id" type="string">
<column name="id" />
<!-- id不能再使用int类型，要使用uuid自动生成方式，使t_pig和t_bird的主键值不会相同 -->
<generator class="uuid2" />
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" />
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sex" />
</property>
<!-- 子类单独有一张表 -->
<union-subclass name="Pig" table="t_pig">
<property name="weight" type="int" column="height"></property>
</union-subclass>
<union-subclass name="Bird" table="t_bird">
<property name="height" type="int" column="height"></property>
</union-subclass>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>测试
与第一种相同
总结：
如果需要经常查询数据，且子类较多，则建议使用第一种方案，即每棵生成数映射成一张表，这也是最常用的方法，效率较高。如果追求颗粒度，且子类的数量不多，则可用后面两种方法，即每人个类映射一张表或每个具体类映射成一张表。
补充：
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