从零开始实现线性回归模型（SDG，MSE），未使用深度学习框架

#导入包
%matplotlib inline
import random
import torch
from d2l import torch as d2l

#生成数据集
def synthetic_data(w, b, num_examples):  #@save
    """生成y=Xw+b+噪声"""
    X = torch.normal(0, 1, (num_examples, len(w)))
    y = torch.matmul(X, w) + b
    y += torch.normal(0, 0.01, y.shape)   #加入噪声
    return X, y.reshape((-1, 1))

true_w = torch.tensor([2, -3.4])
true_b = 4.2
features, labels = d2l.synthetic_data(true_w, true_b, 1000)

#读取数据
def data_iter(batch_size, features, labels):
    num_examples = len(features)
    indices = list(range(num_examples))
    # 这些样本是随机读取的，没有特定的顺序
    random.shuffle(indices)
    for i in range(0, num_examples, batch_size):
        batch_indices = torch.tensor(indices[i: min(i + batch_size, num_examples)])
        yield features[batch_indices], labels[batch_indices]

#初始化模型参数
w = torch.normal(0, 0.01, size=(2,1), requires_grad&