6、注册字符类设备(使用文件私有数据)

在Linux的struct file结构体中，专门为用户留了一个域用于定义私有数据。这意味着，在编写Linux驱动时，开发者可以在这个域中存储与文件相关的私有数据，这些数据对于驱动来说是私有的，不会被其他部分（如内核的其他部分或用户空间的程序）直接访问。

尽管Linux本身并没有明确规定要使用文件私有数据。这实际上是Linux驱动遵循的一种“潜规则”，体现了Linux面向对象的思想

使用私有数据兼容不同的设备：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
 
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/modulepram.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/asm-generic/uaccess.h>  
 

struct device_test={

    dev_t dev_num; 
    int major;
    int minor;  

    struct cdev cdev_test; 
    struct class *class;
    struct device *device;
    char kbuf[32];


}


struct device_test dev1;
 

 
 
 
static  int cdev_test_open(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
    file->private_data=&dev1;

     printk("cdev_test_open \n");
     return 0;
}
 
static int cdev_test_release(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
 
     printk("cdev_test_release \n");
     return 0;
 
}
 
static ssize_t cdev_test_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *off)
{
    struct device_test *test_dev=(struct device_test *) file->private_data;

    char kbuf[64]="123456hello";
    
    copy_to_user(buf,test_dev ->kbuf,strlen(test_dev ->kbuf));
 
     printk("cdev_test_read \n");
 
 
}  
 
static ssize_t cdev_test_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *off)
{
     struct device_test *test_dev=(struct device_test *) file->private_data;
     char kbuf[64];
     copy_from_user(test_dev -> kbuf,buf,size);
     printk("write buf[%s]\n",test_dev ->kbuf);
     printk("cdev_test_write\n");
 
 
 
 
}
 
 
struct file_operations cdev_test_ops={
 
    .owner=THIS_MODULE,
    .open=cdev_test_open,
    .release=cdev_test_release,
    .read=cdev_test_read,
    .write=cdev_test_write,
    .ioctl=cdev_test_ioctl
};
 
 
static int cdv_init(void)
{
    
    int ret;
 
 
 
       //动态申请
        ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&dev1.dev_num,0,1,"chrdev_num");
        if(0 != ret)
        {
            printk("alloc_chrdev_regionerr %d\n",ret);
            return ret;
        }
       printk("dev_num=%d \n",dev1.dev_num);
       dev1.major = MAJOR(dev1.dev_num);
       dev1.minor = MINOR(dev1.dev_num);
       printk("input major=%d minor=%d \n",dev1.major,dev1.minor);
 
   
 
    cdev_test.owner= THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&dev1.cdev_test,&cdev_test_ops);  
    cdev_add(&dev1.cdev_test,dev1.dev_num,1);
 
    dev1.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"test");
    dev1.device = device_create(dev1.class,NULL,dev1.dev_num,NULL,"/dev/test");
    
    
    printk("cdv init\n");
    return 0;
}
 
static void cdv_exit(void)
{
     device_destroy(dev1.class,dev1.dev_num);
    classs_destroy(dev1.class);
 
     cdev_del(&dev1.cdev_test);
     //释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(dev1.dev_num,1);

    printk("cdv exit\n");
    return 0;
}
 
 
module_init(cdv_init);
module_exit(cdv_exit);
 
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("SONG");
MODULE_VERSION("v1.0");