最近写一个ATL的项目,最终realease的时候出现了这个问题,当时吓了一跳,后来发现了问题,代码没有错误是配置搞错了,因为debug没有任何问题。
出错原因:使用了CRT函数,这些函数需要CRT启动代码,就会出现这种链接错误。因为Release配置的Preprocessor definitions中定义了_ATL_MIN_CRT,它把将CRT启动代码从Dll中删除了。
最简单的办法就是工程设置中删除_ATL_MIN_CRT,但是这样以来就会增加编译后文件的大小。或者工程设置的ignore libraries中输入Libcmt.lib。再次链接时,到几个“unresolved external”的错误,然后你就开始Look for things that you think may be pulling in the startup code and remove them if you can.Instead, use their Win32 equivalents. For example, use lstrcmp() instead of strcmp(). Known functions that require CRT startup code are some of the string and floating point functions.
看了看微软的文档
ATL支持把一个服务器编连优化成最小尺寸或者依赖性最小。我们可以定义三个预处理器符号来影响服务器的优化。
_ATL_MIN_CRT 服务器不链接标准的C/C++运行库
_ATL_DLL 服务器动态链接工具函数库atl.dll
_ATL_STATIC_REGISTRY 服务器静态链接对组件注册的支持
如果定义了预处理器符号_ATL_MIN_CRT,将不链接C/C++运行库,并且ATL提供了函数malloc、realloc、new和delete的一个实现。当定义了这个符号时,不能调用任何其他的C/C++运行库的函数。
ATL向导生成的ATL工程为所有的Release版本的编连定义了_ATL_MIN_CRT,但是没有为Debug版本定义这个符号。
Debug配置没有定义这三个符号中的任何一个。
RelMinSize配置定义了_ATL_MIN_CRT和_ATL_DLL。
RelMinDependency配置定义了_ATL_MIN_CRT和_ATL_STATIC_REGISTRY。
隐约记得,VC的sp6确实解决了这个bug,还是我比较懒,没有给vc打servicepack6。发现 打开stdafx.cpp,注释掉#include <atlimpl.cpp>也是可以的。
msdn描述
INFO: LNK2001 Error ATL Release Build
ID: Q165076
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The information in this article applies to:
Microsoft Active Template Library, versions 2.0, 2.1, 3.0
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SUMMARY
Microsoft Active Template Library COM AppWizard generates a release build of your project using macro _ATL_MIN_CRT. Selecting this configuration causes the C run-time (CRT) library startup code to not be linked into your project. If you use functions or code in your project that require the use of the C run-time library startup code, you may experience LNK2001 - unresolved external errors when you try to build the release version of your project.
MORE INFORMATION
You can use some C run-time functions without requiring the CRT startup code. Examples include the mem* functions. Other functions require the CRT startup code. CRT string comparisons for example require the startup code as the CRT initializes some tables used for comparing. Global objects that have constructors also require the startup code. In Visual C++ 5.0, statically linking the startup code adds about 25K to your image (in Visual C++ 4.2 it is about 20K).
Following are some suggestions for finding the cause of the LNK2001 errors:
In the linker options there is an "ignore libraries" edit box. Enter Libcmt.lib into it, and build. You get several unresolved externals. This list is everything that you are using from the CRT. Look for things that you think may be pulling in the startup code and remove them if you can.
Don't ignore Libcmt.lib, but turn on the verbose flag for the linker. From this, you can see what is triggering CRT startup code to get pulled in.
If you decide that you really need the startup code, then remove the _ATL_MIN_CRT define from the project settings. You can also dynamically link to the CRT, which reduces your image size but requires the CRT's DLL. If you turn on exception handling you have to pull in the startup code. Even when building minsize the default is to statically link to the CRT and use _ATL_MIN_CRT.