一、概念
什么是json
简单地说,JSON 可以将 JavaScript 对象中表示的一组数据转换为字符串,然后就可以在函数之间轻松地传递这个字符串,或者在异步应用程序中将字符串从 Web 客户机传递给服务器端程序。这个字符串看起来有点儿古怪,但是 JavaScript 很容易解释它,而且 JSON 可以表示比"名称 / 值对"更复杂的结构。例如,可以表示数组和复杂的对象,而不仅仅是键和值的简单列表。
二、特点
(1)表示名称键值对
这个比较简单,表示的形式如下:
按照最简单的形式,可以用下面这样的 JSON 表示 "名称 / 值对" :{ "firstName": "Brett" }
(2)表示数组
如果使用 JSON,就只需将多个带花括号的记录分组在一起:
这个比较简单,表示的形式如下:
按照最简单的形式,可以用下面这样的 JSON 表示 "名称 / 值对" :{ "firstName": "Brett" }
(2)表示数组
如果使用 JSON,就只需将多个带花括号的记录分组在一起:
{ "people": [
{ "firstName": "Brett", "lastName":"McLaughlin", "email": "aaaa" },
{ "firstName": "Jason", "lastName":"Hunter", "email": "bbbb"},
{ "firstName": "Elliotte", "lastName":"Harold", "email": "cccc" }
]}
三、原生解析
1.原生解析
(1)将json格式的字符串{}解析为对象
private void jsonToJavaObjectByNative() {
// 1 获取或创建JSON数据
String json = "{\n" +
"\t\"id\":2, \"name\":\"大虾\", \n" +
"\t\"price\":12.3, \n" +
"\t\"imagePath\":\"http://192.168.10.165:8080/L05_Server/images/f1.jpg\"\n" +
"}\n";
ShopInfo shopInfo = null;
// 2 解析json
try {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(json);
// int id = jsonObject.getInt("id");
int id1 = jsonObject.optInt("id");
String name = jsonObject.optString("name");
double price = jsonObject.optDouble("price");
String imagePath = jsonObject.optString("imagePath");
// 封装Java对象
shopInfo = new ShopInfo(id1, name, price, imagePath);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 3 显示JSON数据
tv_native_orignal.setText(json);
tv_native_last.setText(shopInfo.toString());
}
(2)将json字符串转换成对象的List
private void jsonToJavaObjectByNative() {
// 1 获取或创建JSON数据
String json = "{\n" +
"\t\"id\":2, \"name\":\"大虾\", \n" +
"\t\"price\":12.3, \n" +
"\t\"imagePath\":\"http://192.168.10.165:8080/L05_Server/images/f1.jpg\"\n" +
"}\n";
ShopInfo shopInfo = null;
// 2 解析json
try {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(json);
// int id = jsonObject.getInt("id");
int id1 = jsonObject.optInt("id");
String name = jsonObject.optString("name");
double price = jsonObject.optDouble("price");
String imagePath = jsonObject.optString("imagePath");
// 封装Java对象
shopInfo = new ShopInfo(id1, name, price, imagePath);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 3 显示JSON数据
tv_native_orignal.setText(json);
tv_native_last.setText(shopInfo.toString());
}
(3)嵌套的json的解析
对于这样形式的json对象字符串,需要进行一层一层的解析
private void jsonToJavaOfComplex() {
// 1 获取或创建JSON数据
String json = "{\n" +
" \"data\": {\n" +
" \"count\": 5,\n" +
" \"items\": [\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 45,\n" +
" \"title\": \"坚果\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 132,\n" +
" \"title\": \"炒货\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 166,\n" +
" \"title\": \"蜜饯\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 195,\n" +
" \"title\": \"果脯\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 196,\n" +
" \"title\": \"礼盒\"\n" +
" }\n" +
" ]\n" +
" },\n" +
" \"rs_code\": \"1000\",\n" +
" \"rs_msg\": \"success\"\n" +
"}";
// 封装Java对象
DataInfo dataInfo = new DataInfo();
// 2 解析json
try {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(json);
// 第一层解析
JSONObject data = jsonObject.optJSONObject("data");
String rs_code = jsonObject.optString("rs_code");
String rs_msg = jsonObject.optString("rs_msg");
// 第一层封装
dataInfo.setRs_code(rs_code);
dataInfo.setRs_msg(rs_msg);
DataInfo.DataBean dataBean = new DataInfo.DataBean();
dataInfo.setData(dataBean);
// 第二层解析
int count = data.optInt("count");
JSONArray items = data.optJSONArray("items");
// 第二层数据的封装
dataBean.setCount(count);
List<DataInfo.DataBean.ItemsBean> itemsBean = new ArrayList<>();
dataBean.setItems(itemsBean);
// 第三层解析
for (int i = 0; i < items.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jsonObject1 = items.optJSONObject(i);
if (jsonObject1 != null) {
int id = jsonObject1.optInt("id");
String title = jsonObject1.optString("title");
// 第三层数据的封装
DataInfo.DataBean.ItemsBean bean = new DataInfo.DataBean.ItemsBean();
bean.setId(id);
bean.setTitle(title);
itemsBean.add(bean);
}
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 3 显示JSON数据
tv_native_orignal.setText(json);
tv_native_last.setText(dataInfo.toString());
}
四、Gson解析
可以看出来通过原生的方式来进行解析还是比较困难的
(1)将json格式的字符串{}解析为对象
private void jsonToJavaObjectByGson() {
// 1 获取或创建JSON数据
String json = "{\n" +
"\t\"id\":2, \"name\":\"大虾\", \n" +
"\t\"price\":12.3, \n" +
"\t\"imagePath\":\"http://192.168.10.165:8080/L05_Server/images/f1.jpg\"\n" +
"}\n";
// 2 解析JSON数据
Gson gson = new Gson();
ShopInfo shopInfo = gson.fromJson(json, ShopInfo.class);
// 3 展示数据
tv_gson_orignal.setText(json);
tv_gson_last.setText(shopInfo.toString());
}
如下是ShopInfo对象
public class ShopInfo {
private int id;
private String name;
private double price;
private String imagePath;
public ShopInfo(int id, String name, double price, String imagePath) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.imagePath = imagePath;
}
public ShopInfo() {
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getImagePath() {
return imagePath;
}
public void setImagePath(String imagePath) {
this.imagePath = imagePath;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ShopInfo{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", imagePath='" + imagePath + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
(2)将json字符串解析成对象的List
private void jsonToJavaListByGson() {
// 1 获取或创建JSON数据
String json = "[\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 1,\n" +
" \"imagePath\": \"http://192.168.10.165:8080/f1.jpg\",\n" +
" \"name\": \"大虾1\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.3\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 2,\n" +
" \"imagePath\": \"http://192.168.10.165:8080/f2.jpg\",\n" +
" \"name\": \"大虾2\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.5\n" +
" }\n" +
"]";
// 2 解析JSON数据
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<ShopInfo> shops = gson.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<List<ShopInfo>>() {
}.getType());
// 3 展示数据
tv_gson_orignal.setText(json);
tv_gson_last.setText(shops.toString());
}
(3)将java对象转换成json字符串
private void javaToJsonObjectByGson() {
// 1 获取或创建Java对象
ShopInfo shopInfo = new ShopInfo(1,"鲍鱼",250.0,"baoyu");
// 2 生成JSON数据
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(shopInfo);
// 3 展示数据
tv_gson_orignal.setText(shopInfo.toString());
tv_gson_last.setText(json);
}
(4)将java对象List转换成json字符串
好的的方法都已经封装好了,使用起来还是挺给力的
private void javaToJsonArrayByGson() {
// 1 获取或创建Java对象
List<ShopInfo> shops = new ArrayList<>();
ShopInfo baoyu = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "baoyu");
ShopInfo longxia = new ShopInfo(2, "龙虾", 251.0, "longxia");
shops.add(baoyu);
shops.add(longxia);
// 2 生成JSON数据
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(shops);
// 3 展示数据
tv_gson_orignal.setText(shops.toString());
tv_gson_last.setText(json);
}
五、FastJson解析
(1)将json格式的字符串{}解析为对象
private void jsonToJavaObjectByFastJson() {
// 1 获取或创建json数据
String json = "{\n" +
"\t\"id\":2, \"name\":\"大虾\", \n" +
"\t\"price\":12.3, \n" +
"\t\"imagePath\":\"http://192.168.10.165:8080/L05_Server/images/f1.jpg\"\n" +
"}\n";
// 2 解析JSON数据
ShopInfo shopInfo = JSON.parseObject(json, ShopInfo.class);
// 3 显示数据
tv_fastjson_orignal.setText(json);
tv_fastjson_last.setText(shopInfo.toString());
}
private void jsonToJavaListByFastJson() {
// 1 获取或创建json数据
String json = "[\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 1,\n" +
" \"imagePath\": \"http://192.168.10.165:8080/f1.jpg\",\n" +
" \"name\": \"大虾1\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.3\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 2,\n" +
" \"imagePath\": \"http://192.168.10.165:8080/f2.jpg\",\n" +
" \"name\": \"大虾2\",\n" +
" \"price\": 12.5\n" +
" }\n" +
"]";
// 2 解析JSON数据
List<ShopInfo> shopInfos = JSON.parseArray(json, ShopInfo.class);
// 3 显示数据
tv_fastjson_orignal.setText(json);
tv_fastjson_last.setText(shopInfos.toString());
}
(3)将java对象转换成json字符串
private void javaToJsonObjectByFastJson() {
// 1 创建一个Java对象
ShopInfo shopInfo = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "baoyu");
// 2 生成JSON数据
String json = JSON.toJSONString(shopInfo);
// 3 显示数据
tv_fastjson_orignal.setText(shopInfo.toString());
tv_fastjson_last.setText(json);
}
(4)将java对象List转换成json字符串
private void javaToJsonArrayByFastJson() {
// 1 创建一个Java集合
List<ShopInfo> shops = new ArrayList<>();
ShopInfo baoyu = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "baoyu");
ShopInfo longxia = new ShopInfo(2, "龙虾", 251.0, "longxia");
shops.add(baoyu);
shops.add(longxia);
// 2 生成JSON数据
String json = JSON.toJSONString(shops);
// 3 显示JSON数据
tv_fastjson_orignal.setText(shops.toString());
tv_fastjson_last.setText(json);
}