一、什么是容器数据卷
Docker将运用与运行的环境打包形成容器运行 ,运行可以伴随着容器,但是我们对数据的要求希望是持久化的,而且有时候我们希望容器之间有可能共享数据。
Docker容器产生的数据,如果不通过docker commit生成新的镜像,使得数据做为镜像的一部分保存下来,那么当容器删除后,数据自然也就没有了。因此为了能保存数据在docker中我们使用卷。
卷就是目录或文件,存在于一个或多个容器中,由docker挂载到容器,但不属于联合文件系统,因此能够绕过Union File System提供一些用于持续存储或共享数据的特性:
卷的设计目的就是数据的持久化,完全独立于容器的生存周期,因此Docker不会在容器删除时删除其挂载的数据卷。
二、容器数据卷特点
1:数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据
2:卷中的更改可以直接生效
3:数据卷中的更改不会包含在镜像的更新中
4:数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止
三、容器内添加容器数据卷(直接命令添加)
docker run -it -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录 镜像名
我们假设需要按照如下命令开始配置容器数据卷,实现宿主机和Docker容器的数据共享
docker run -it -v /Docker_Share_Master:/Docker_Share_Continer centos
我们先使用原始的启动容器命令,看看是宿主机和Docker容器内否分别有 /Docker_Share_Master、/Docker_Share_Continer,如下图
图片说明:
1:启动centos容器
2:查看centos容器中目录
3:没有/Docker_Share_Continer目录
4:退出centos容器,回到宿主机
5:查看宿主机目录,宿主机没有 /Docker_Share_Master目录
接下来我们使用容器数据卷启动容器,执行下面命令
docker run -it -v /Docker_Share_Master:/Docker_Share_Continer centos
如下图所示,宿主机和容器中分别有了 /Docker_Share_Master、/Docker_Share_Continer
接下来,我们无论是在宿主机在 /Docker_Share_Master下做修改还是在容器中/Docker_Share_Continer下做修改,两端都会同时刷新。而且我们关闭Docker容器后,在宿主机修改 /Docker_Share_Master下内容,再重新启动关闭的容器后,融汇会把宿主机 /Docker_Share_Master下的内容同步至自己的/Docker_Share_Continer中。
我们再查看容器信息,执行下面命令
docker ps
docker inspect ${docker ps查询出当前正在运行的容器ID}
我们可以得到如下回显信息
[
{
"Id": "b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3",
"Created": "2020-12-09T14:48:19.778265906Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2340,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-12-09T14:48:20.280371083Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3/b754744f29062abf9f1af8856746c205e5ea0b6432c69cdcfc065d7e8d26dbd3-json.log",
"Name": "/zealous_murdock",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/Docker_Share_Master:/Docker_Share_Continer"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd86608d366ead6debd28097c8c7763a490323d2de0d266f9139870c6587a769-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d39e92b1af62942ea487e5d1123adc66526a43e389a21f218ff196f084732d7/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd86608d366ead6debd28097c8c7763a490323d2de0d266f9139870c6587a769/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd86608d366ead6debd28097c8c7763a490323d2de0d266f9139870c6587a769/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd86608d366ead6debd28097c8c7763a490323d2de0d266f9139870c6587a769/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/Docker_Share_Master",
"Destination": "/Docker_Share_Continer",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "b754744f2906",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "1ce01550089195b3c0e6f48142da54b6bf971e1810ac33a4731164d6a22bade1",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1ce015500891",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a2c5304a4ba499344e974e2c3bed5a99f55199e2147817cac1f9d388888fb8d6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "0e28162d0a3f500025e8bea5bdacde0fa9a543e32a95a2cee15039228304658c",
"EndpointID": "a2c5304a4ba499344e974e2c3bed5a99f55199e2147817cac1f9d388888fb8d6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
我们可以从中看到几行很重要的信息
容器内添加容器数据卷,加写保护
docker run -it -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录:ro 镜像名
这样共享的数据目录只有宿主机能修改,容器内只有读权限
四、容器内添加容器数据卷(DockerFile添加)
注意:关于DockerFile详细内容我们后续说道,这里只讲述在通过编辑DockerFile在容器中添加数据卷
在宿主机上执行下面三条指令
mkdir DockerFile
cd DockerFile/
vim CentOsDockerFile
在 CentOsDockerFile中编辑如下内容
# volume test
FROM centos
# 在当前镜像中生成两个容器内的数据卷目录/dataVolumeContainer1和/dataVolumeContainer2
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
CMD /bin/bash
执行下面命令将CentOsDockerFile构建为一个新的Docker镜像
docker build -f CentOsDockerFile -t my-self-centos .
执行下面命令查看我们创建的镜像
docker images
执行下面命令运行我们创建的镜像
docker run -it affba109f987 /bin/bash
执行完毕直接进入了镜像,查看镜像中已经有了 /dataVolumeContainer1和/dataVolumeContainer2,如下图所示
通过上述步骤,我们已经在容器内建了两个容器数据卷,那么我们在宿主机上的数据卷路径呢?我们在宿主机上执行下面命令查看一下。
docker ps
docker inspect ${docker ps查询出当前正在运行的容器ID}
执行完毕有如下关键内容截取
通过图中的结果我们可以发现,Docker会在宿主机中默认给不同容器数据卷生成对应的宿主机目录。