ElasticSearch中文基本查询

本章内容概述

1、基本查询

1、基本查询

1.1 数据准备

创建索引

PUT /lib3
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "user":{
      "properties":{
        "name":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer":"ik_max_word"
        },
        "address":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer":"ik_max_word"
        },
        "age":{
          "type":"integer"
        },
        "interests":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer":"ik_max_word"
        },
        "birthday":{
          "type":"date"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

ik带有两个分词器

	ik_max_word	:	会将文本做最细粒度的拆分;尽可能多的拆分出词语
	ik_smart : 会将文本做最粗粒度的拆分;已被分出的词语将不会再次被其他词语占有

添加文档数据

PUT /lib3/user/1
{
  "name":"赵六",
  "address":"黑龙江省铁岭市",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1970-12-12",
  "interests":"喜欢喝酒,锻炼,说相声"
}

PUT /lib3/user/2
{
  "name":"赵明",
  "address":"北京海淀区清河",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"喜欢喝酒,锻炼,唱歌"
}


PUT /lib3/user/3
{
  "name":"lisi",
  "address":"北京市朝阳区",
  "age":28,
  "birthday":"1990-01-11",
  "interests":"喜欢喝酒,锻炼,唱歌"
}


PUT /lib3/user/4
{
  "name":"王五",
  "address":"北京市房山区",
  "age":26,
  "birthday":"1993-01-11",
  "interests":"喜欢编程,听音乐,旅游"
}

PUT /lib3/user/5
{
  "name":"张三",
  "address":"郑州市二七区",
  "age":32,
  "birthday":"1988-05-11",
  "interests":"喜欢摄影,跳舞,听音乐"
}

PUT /lib3/user/6
{
  "name":"小明",
  "address":"郑州市二七区",
  "age":22,
  "birthday":"1988-05-11",
  "interests":"喜欢摄影,跳舞,听音乐"
}

1.2 term查询

	term query 会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term,不进行分词器分析，文档中必须包含整个搜索的词汇，这种查询适合keyword，mumeric
date等。

	1、查询姓名中有“赵”的

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"term": {
		"name": "赵"
	}
  }
}

1.3 terms查询

	terms: 查询某个字段中含有多个关键词的文档
	
	1、查询爱好包含喝酒 或 唱歌的

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
	"query":{
		"terms":{
			"interests":["唱歌","喝酒"]
		}
	}
}

	只要包含关键词的一个,都会被查询出来

1.4 match模糊查询

	match query 知道分词器的存在,会对字段进行分词操作,然后再查询

	1、根据名称模糊查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"match": {
		"name": "赵明 赵六"
	}
  }
}

		"match":{}   定义模糊查询,类似于like
		
		match查询相当于模糊匹配,只包含其中一部分关键词就行

	2、多条件模糊查询	multi_match

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"multi_match": {
		"query": "唱歌",
		"fields": ["interests","name"]
	}
  }
}

		"query" 后面是跟要查询的内容
		"fields" 要查询的字段

1.5 结构化分页查询

	1、分页查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 2, 
  "query": {
	"match": {
		"interests": "唱歌"
	}
  }
			}

		"from"	开始下标
		"size"  数量
			注:类似于limit限定查询

1.6 控制显示字段

	我们之前的查询是把所有的字段都显示出来，我们可以通过_source来控制要显示的字段:

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "_source":["name","interests"],
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"interests":"唱歌"
		}
	}
}

	也可以通过includes和excludes来实现:

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "_source":{
	"includes": ["name","interests"],
	"excludes": ["birthday","age"]
  },
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"interests":"唱歌"
		}
	}
}

	也可以使用通配符来匹配指定的字段:

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "_source":{
	"includes": "a*", 
	"excludes": ["name","birthday"]
  },
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"interests":"唱歌"
		}
	}
}

1.7 排序

	使用sort实现排序, desc 降序    asc 升序

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
	"sort": [
	  {
		"age": {
		  "order": "asc"
		}
	  }
	]
	
}

1.8 前缀匹配

	匹配以指定前缀开始的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"match_phrase_prefix": {
	  "name": "赵"
	}
  }
}

1.9 范围查询

	根据生日范围查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"range": {
	  "birthday": {
		"gte": "1990-10-10",
		"lte": "2018-05-01"
	  }
	}
  }
}

	当然,也有人喜欢使用from to

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"range": {
	  "birthday": {
		"from": "1990-10-10",
		"to": "2018-05-01"
	  }
	}
  }
}

	我们可以设置是否包含最大或最小

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 32,
        "include_lower":true,
        "include_upper":false
      }
    }
  }
}

1.10 wildcard查询

	允许使用通配符*和?来进行查询
	
	* 代表0个或多个字符
	
	? 代表任意一个字符
	
	查询姓名以zhao开头后面任意的

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
	"wildcard": {
	  "name": "赵*"
	}
  }
}

	查询前面任意一个字符,第二个字是“明”的

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "name": "?明*"
    } 
  }
}

1.11 fuzzy实现模糊查询

	当我们对于字段值不太记得时,我们可以通过fuzzy进行大致查询,找到对应匹配的值

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "interests": "唱歌"
    }
  }
}


GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "interests": {
        "value":"喝酒"
      }
    }
  }
}

1.12 高亮搜索结果

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"interests":"唱歌"
		}
	},
	"highlight": {
	  "fields": {
	    "interests": {} 
	  }
	}
}
ET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "interests": "唱歌"
    }
  }
}


GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "interests": {
        "value":"喝酒"
      }
    }
  }
}