go之channel数据结构及方法

1、数据结构

// channel 类型定义
type hchan struct {
    // channel 中的元素数量, len
    qcount   uint           // total data in the queue
    
    // channel 的大小, cap
    dataqsiz uint           // size of the circular queue
    
    // channel 的缓冲区，环形数组实现
    buf      unsafe.Pointer // points to an array of dataqsiz elements
    
    // 单个元素的大小
    elemsize uint16
    
    // closed 标志位
    closed   uint32
    
    // 元素的类型
    elemtype *_type // element type
    
    // send 和 recieve 的索引，用于实现环形数组队列
    sendx    uint   // send index
    recvx    uint   // receive index
    
    // recv goroutine 等待队列
    recvq    waitq  // list of recv waiters
    
    // send goroutine 等待队列
    sendq    waitq  // list of send waiters

    // lock protects all fields in hchan, as well as several
    // fields in sudogs blocked on this channel.
    //
    // Do not change another G's status while holding this lock
    // (in particular, do not ready a G), as this can deadlock
    // with stack shrinking.
    //这也是channel协程安全的原因
    lock mutex
}

// 等待队列的链表实现
type waitq struct {    
    first *sudog       
    last  *sudog       
}

// in src/runtime/runtime2.go
// 对 Go协程 的封装
type sudog struct {
    // The following fields are protected by the hchan.lock of the
    // channel this sudog is blocking on. shrinkstack depends on
    // this for sudogs involved in channel ops.

    g          *g
    selectdone *uint32 // CAS to 1 to win select race (may point to stack)
    next       *sudog
    prev       *sudog
    elem       unsafe.Pointer // data element (may point to stack)

    // The following fields are never accessed concurrently.
    // For channels, waitlink is only accessed by g.
    // For semaphores, all fields (including the ones above)
    // are only accessed when holding a semaRoot lock.

    acquiretime int64
    releasetime int64
    ticket      uint32
    parent      *sudog // semaRoot binary tree
    waitlink    *sudog // g.waiting list or semaRoot
    waittail    *sudog // semaRoot
    c           *hchan // channel
}

2、ch<-x

func chansend(c *hchan, ep unsafe.Pointer, block bool, callerpc uintptr) bool {
    if c == nil {
        if !block {
            return false
        }
        gopark(nil, nil, "chan send (nil chan)", traceEvGoStop, 2)
        throw("unreachable")
    }
    ...
    
    if !block && c.closed == 0 && ((c.dataqsiz == 0 && c.recvq.first == nil) ||
        (c.dataqsiz > 0 && c.qcount == c.dataqsiz)) {
        return false
    }

    var t0 int64
    if blockprofilerate > 0 {
        t0 = cputicks()
    }

    lock(&c.lock)

    if c.closed != 0 {
        unlock(&c.lock)
        panic(plainError("send on closed channel"))
    }

    //有 goroutine 阻塞在 channel 上，此时 hchan.buf 为空：直接将数据发送给该 goroutine。
    if sg := c.recvq.dequeue(); sg != 
        send(c, sg, ep, func() { unlock(&c.lock) }, 3)
        return true
    }

    //当前 hchan.buf 还有可用空间：将数据放到 buffer 里面。
    if c.qcount < c.dataqsiz {
        qp := chanbuf(c, c.sendx)
        if raceenabled {
            raceacquire(qp)
            racerelease(qp)
        }
        typedmemmove(c.elemtype, qp, ep)
        c.sendx++
        if c.sendx == c.dataqsiz {
            c.sendx = 0
        }
        c.qcount++
        unlock(&c.lock)
        return true
    }

    if !block {
        unlock(&c.lock)
        return false
    }

    //当前 hchan.buf 已满：阻塞当前 goroutine，gopark。
    gp := getg()
    mysg := acquireSudog()
    mysg.releasetime = 0
    if t0 != 0 {
        mysg.releasetime = -1
    }
    // No stack splits between assigning elem and enqueuing mysg
    // on gp.waiting where copystack can find it.
    mysg.elem = ep
    mysg.waitlink = nil
    mysg.g = gp
    mysg.selectdone = nil
    mysg.c = c
    gp.waiting = mysg
    gp.param = nil
    c.sendq.enqueue(mysg)
    goparkunlock(&c.lock, "chan send", traceEvGoBlockSend, 3)

    if mysg != gp.waiting {
        throw("G waiting list is corrupted")
    }
    gp.waiting = nil
    if gp.param == nil {
        if c.closed == 0 {
            throw("chansend: spurious wakeup")
        }
        panic(plainError("send on closed channel"))
    }
    gp.param = nil
    if mysg.releasetime > 0 {
        blockevent(mysg.releasetime-t0, 2)
    }
    mysg.c = nil
    releaseSudog(mysg)
    return true
}

func send(c *hchan, sg *sudog, ep unsafe.Pointer, unlockf func(), skip int) {
    if sg.elem != nil {
        sendDirect(c.elemtype, sg, ep)
        sg.elem = nil
    }
    gp := sg.g
    unlockf()
    gp.param = unsafe.Pointer(sg)
    if sg.releasetime != 0 {
        sg.releasetime = cputicks()
    }
    goready(gp, skip+1)//importment
}

3、x<-ch

       大致流程同上

4、参考文档

http://legendtkl.com/2017/08/06/golang-channel-implement/