Which two are direct benefits of the multiprocess, multithreaded architecture of Oracle Database 12c when it is enabled? (Choose two.)
A. reduced CPU utilization
B. reduced physical I/O
C. improved Serial Execution performance
D. reduced logical I/O
E. reduced virtual memory utilization
Correct Answer: AE
QUESTION 9
*多进程和多线程Oracle数据库系统多进程Oracle数据库(也称为多用户Oracle数据库)使用多个进程来运行
Oracle数据库代码的不同部分以及用户的其他Oracle进程—每个连接的用户一个进程或多个用户共享的一个或多个进程。大多数数据库都是多用户的,因为数据库的一个主要优点是同时管理多个用户所需的数据。
数据库实例中的每个进程执行一个特定的作业。通过将数据库和应用程序的工作划分为多个进程,多个用户和应用程序可以同时连接到一个实例,同时系统性能良好。
*在以前的版本中,Oracle进程没有在UNIX和Linux系统上作为线程运行。从Oracle Database 12c开始,多线程Oracle数据库模型允许Oracle进程作为操作系统线程在不同的地址空间中执行。
在Oracle Database 12c中,Oracle引入了多线程模式,允许在Windows平台之外的Unix、Linux系统使用多线程模式,结合多进程与多线程模式,Oracle可以改进进程管理与性能。
先来看一下多进程与多线程模式下,Oracle后台进程的对比。下图是多进程模式:
下图是多线程模式下,Oracle数据库启动的后台进程:
Multi-process ,Multi-threaded Model 现在作为两种运行模式被支持。如下在Linux系统,缺省的数据库会启动一系列的后台进程:
oracle 1727 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:57 ora_pmon_core
oracle 1729 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:01:21 ora_psp0_core
oracle 1731 1 3 Jul11 ? 02:30:26 ora_vktm_core
oracle 1735 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:24 ora_gen0_core
oracle 1737 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:11 ora_mman_core
oracle 1741 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:20 ora_diag_core
oracle 1743 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:18 ora_dbrm_core
oracle 1745 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:05:02 ora_dia0_core
oracle 1747 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:28 ora_dbw0_core
oracle 1749 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:14 ora_lgwr_core
oracle 1751 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:01:54 ora_ckpt_core
oracle 1753 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:07 ora_lg00_core
oracle 1755 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:04 ora_lg01_core
oracle 1757 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:15 ora_smon_core
oracle 1759 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:03 ora_reco_core
oracle 1761 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:12 ora_lreg_core
oracle 1763 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:04:43 ora_mmon_core
oracle 1765 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:03:31 ora_mmnl_core
oracle 1767 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:05 ora_d000_core
oracle 1769 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:05 ora_s000_core
oracle 1781 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p000_core
oracle 1783 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p001_core
oracle 1785 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:04 ora_tmon_core
oracle 1787 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:15 ora_tt00_core
oracle 1789 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:12 ora_smco_core
oracle 1791 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:05 ora_fbda_core
oracle 1793 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:07 ora_w000_core
oracle 1795 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:03 ora_aqpc_core
oracle 1799 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p002_core
oracle 1801 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p003_core
oracle 1803 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p004_core
oracle 1805 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p005_core
oracle 1807 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p006_core
oracle 1809 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:08 ora_p007_core
oracle 1811 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:01:49 ora_cjq0_core
oracle 1813 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:04 ora_qm02_core
oracle 1817 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:04 ora_q002_core
oracle 1819 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:03 ora_q003_core
oracle 1933 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:07 ora_w001_core
oracle 1971 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:07 ora_w002_core
oracle 3175 1 0 Jul11 ? 00:00:06 ora_w003_core
oracle 4941 1 0 Jul12 ? 00:00:06 ora_w004_core
oracle 9621 1 0 Jul12 ? 00:00:04 ora_w005_core
oracle 23548 1 0 06:00 ? 00:02:17 ora_vkrm_core
从数据库内部也可以看到详细的进程信息:
SQL> select addr,pname,program from v$process
2 /
ADDR PNAME PROGRAM
---------------- ----- ------------------------------------------------
00000000C2965BE0 PSEUDO
00000000C2966D40 PMON oracle@orcl (PMON)
00000000C2967EA0 PSP0 oracle@orcl (PSP0)
00000000C2969000 VKTM oracle@orcl (VKTM)
00000000C296A160 GEN0 oracle@orcl (GEN0)
00000000C296B2C0 MMAN oracle@orcl (MMAN)
00000000C296C420 W001 oracle@orcl (W001)
00000000C296D580 DIAG oracle@orcl (DIAG)
00000000C296E6E0 DBRM oracle@orcl (DBRM)
00000000C296F840 DIA0 oracle@orcl (DIA0)
00000000C29709A0 DBW0 oracle@orcl (DBW0)
ADDR PNAME PROGRAM
---------------- ----- ------------------------------------------------
00000000C2971B00 LGWR oracle@orcl (LGWR)
00000000C2972C60 CKPT oracle@orcl (CKPT)
00000000C2973DC0 LG00 oracle@orcl (LG00)
00000000C2974F20 LG01 oracle@orcl (LG01)
00000000C2976080 SMON oracle@orcl (SMON)
00000000C29771E0 RECO oracle@orcl (RECO)
00000000C2978340 LREG oracle@orcl (LREG)
00000000C29794A0 MMON oracle@orcl (MMON)
00000000C297A600 MMNL oracle@orcl (MMNL)
00000000C297B760 D000 oracle@orcl (D000)
00000000C297C8C0 S000 oracle@orcl (S000)
ADDR PNAME PROGRAM
---------------- ----- ------------------------------------------------
00000000C297DA20 P000 oracle@orcl (P000)
00000000C297EB80 P001 oracle@orcl (P001)
00000000C297FCE0 TMON oracle@orcl (TMON)
00000000C2980E40 TT00 oracle@orcl (TT00)
00000000C2981FA0 SMCO oracle@orcl (SMCO)
00000000C2983100 FBDA oracle@orcl (FBDA)
00000000C2984260 W000 oracle@orcl (W000)
00000000C29853C0 AQPC oracle@orcl (AQPC)
00000000C2986520 CJQ0 oracle@orcl (CJQ0)
00000000C2987680 P002 oracle@orcl (P002)
00000000C29887E0 P003 oracle@orcl (P003)
ADDR PNAME PROGRAM
---------------- ----- ------------------------------------------------
00000000C2989940 P004 oracle@orcl (P004)
00000000C298AAA0 P005 oracle@orcl (P005)
00000000C298BC00 P006 oracle@orcl (P006)
00000000C298CD60 P007 oracle@orcl (P007)
00000000C298DEC0 QM02 oracle@orcl (QM02)
00000000C298F020 W002 oracle@orcl (W002)
00000000C2990180 Q002 oracle@orcl (Q002)
00000000C29912E0 Q003 oracle@orcl (Q003)
00000000C2992440 VKRM oracle@orcl (VKRM)
00000000C29935A0 oracle@orcl (TNS V1-V3)
00000000C2994700 W003 oracle@orcl (W003)
00000000C2995860 W004 oracle@orcl (W004)
00000000C29969C0 W005 oracle@orcl (W005)
通过设置初始化参数 threaded_execution ,可以启用或关闭多线程模式,该参数缺省值为False,设置为TRUE启用12c的这个新特性:
SQL> show parameter threaded_exec
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
threaded_execution boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set threaded_execution=true scope=spfile;
System altered.
该参数重新启动数据库后生效,但是注意,多线程模式,不支持操作系统认证,不能直接启动数据库,需要提供SYS的密码认证后方能启动数据库:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
以下通过用户名和密码登录数据库:
[oracle@orcl dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Jul 14 17:05:54 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> col program for a40
SQL> select addr,pname,program from v$process;
ADDR PNAME PROGRAM
---------------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
00000000C2965BE0 PSEUDO
00000000C2966D40 PMON oracle@orcl (PMON)
00000000C2967EA0 PSP0 oracle@orcl (PSP0)
00000000C2969000 VKTM oracle@orcl (VKTM)
00000000C296A160 GEN0 oracle@orcl (GEN0)
现在在操作系统上启动的进程只有5个(PMON / PSP0 / VKTM / DBW0 / U004 / U005):
[oracle@orcl dbs]$ ps -ef|grep ora_
oracle 27404 1 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_core
oracle 27406 1 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_core
oracle 27408 1 3 17:00 ? 00:00:05 ora_vktm_core
oracle 27412 1 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 ora_u004_core
oracle 27418 1 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 ora_u005_core
oracle 27424 1 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_core
其中U<NNN>进程是共享线程的"容器进程",每个进程可以容纳100个线程:
SQL> select spid,count(*) from v$process group by spid;
SPID COUNT(*)
------------------------ ----------
1
28278 1
28284 10
28586 100
28806 58
28290 100
28296 1
28280 1
28276 1
启用该参数之后,需要设置监听器参数 DEDICATED_THROUGH_BROKER_LISTENER=ON ,如果不设置该参数,网络进程仍然会以进程模式连接。