Spring：JdbcTemplate使用指南

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/nomads
1. Spring的基本概念

Spring框架核心的思想就是建立一个Java对象的大工厂，用户只要给工厂一个指令，工厂就能将用户需要的对象根据配置文件组装好返还给用户。用户需要做的许多工作则可以写成简单的配置文件。

2. 丑陋的JDBC代码

Connection con= null;

PreparedStatement pStmt=null;

ResultSet rs = null;

try{

con = ods.getConnection();

String sql = "select * from admin";

pStmt=con.prepareStatement(sql);

rs=pStmt.executeQuery();

while(rs.next())

{ }

}

catch(Exception ex) {

try{

con.rollback();

}catch(SQLException sqlex){

sqlex.printStackTrace(System.out);

}

ex.printStackTrace();

}finally{

try{

rs.close();

pStmt.close();

con.close();

}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}

}






以上是常见的JDBC代码，简单的select语句也需要冗长的出错处理，并且每个函数都不断地重复同样的代码。



3. JdbcTemplate的作用

JdbcTemplate正是为了减少上述繁琐的代码而设计出来的。它是对JDBC的一种封装，抽象我们常用的一些方法。Simple and Stupid就是它的目标。下面是完成了刚才JDBC代码同样功能的JdbcTemplate的代码：

String sql = "select * from admin";

jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new RowCallbackHandler() {

public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

}

} );






环境搭建：

1. 数据库的配置

本文使用Oracle数据库，新建表admin：

create table admin (
ID number(10) primary key,
NAME varchar2(64),
PASSWORD varchar2(64)
)






2. Spring配置

JdbcTemplate的使用需要有DataSource的支持，所以在配置文件中，我们首先要配置一个OracleDataSource，然后在将这个DataSource配置到JdbcTemplate里。接着将JdbcTemplate配置进DAO层，最后将DAO配置进Model层。简要的关系如下：



模型层 : User

数据访问层：UserDAO

JdbcTemplate

OracleDataSource

<!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"

"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>

<bean id="dataSource" class="oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource">

<property name="URL">

<value>jdbc:oracle:thin:root/123@localhost:1521/XE</value>

</property>

</bean>



<bean id="jdbcTemplate"

class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">

<property name="dataSource"><ref bean="dataSource"/></property>

</bean>



<bean id="userDAO" class="DAO.Imp.UserDAOImp">

<property name="jdbcTemplate">

<ref bean="jdbcTemplate" />

</property>

</bean>



<bean id="user" class="Model.User">

<property name="dao"><ref bean="userDAO"/></property>

</bean>

</beans>




3. 环境配置， 如图：

<!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->



使用方法：

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1. <!--[endif]-->查找

多行查询：

class UserRowMapper implements RowMapper {

public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs,int index) throws SQLException

{

User u = new User();

u.setId(rs.getString("ID"));

u.setName(rs.getString("Name"));

u.setPassword(rs.getString("Password"));

return u;

}

}

public List select(String where)

{

List list;

String sql = "select * from admin "+where;

list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new RowMapperResultReader(new UserRowMapper()));

return list;

}








List最终返回的是满足条件的User队列。



单行查询：

public User selectById(String id){

String sql = "select * from admin where id=?";

final User u = new User();

final Object[] params = new Object[] {id};

jdbcTemplate.query(sql, params, new RowCallbackHandler(){

public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

u.setId(rs.getString("ID"));

u.setName(rs.getString("NAME"));

u.setPassword(rs.getString("PASSWORD"));

}

});

return u;

}








<!--[if !supportLists]-->2. <!--[endif]-->插入

public void insert(User u)

{

String sql = "insert into admin (ID,NAME,PASSWORD) values (admin_id_seq.nextval,?,?)";

Object[] params = new Object[] {

u.getName(),

u.getPassword() };

jdbcTemplate.update(sql,params);

}




admin_id_seq.nextval为Oracle设置好的序列，问号“?”被params里的数据依次替代，最终执行sql。



<!--[if !supportLists]-->3. <!--[endif]-->修改

非常简单：

public void update(String how)

{

jdbcTemplate.update(how);

}








源代码：

User.class:

package Model;



import java.util.List;

import DAO.UserDAO;

/**

* Model层

*

*

* @author 李嘉陵

* @since 2006-4-30 12:10:30

* @version 0.10a

**/



public class User {

private String name;

private String id;

private String password;

private UserDAO dao;



public User()

{



}



public User(String name, String password)

{

this.name = name;

this.password = password;

}



public void setDao(UserDAO dao)

{

this.dao = dao;

}

public String getId() {

return id;

}



public void setId(String id) {

this.id = id;

}



public String getName() {

return name;

}



public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}



public String getPassword() {

return password;

}



public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}



public void getInfo(String id)

{

List list = dao.select("where id="+id);

User u = (User) list.get(0);



this.id=id;

this.name = u.getName();

this.password = u.getPassword();



}



public void insert()

{

dao.insert(this);

}



public void update(String how)

{

dao.update(how);

}



public void update()

{

dao.update("update admin set name='"+name+"', password='"+password+"' where id="+id);

}



public List selectWithTemp(String where)

{

return dao.select(where);

}



public void selectWithTemp()

{

dao.selectWithTemp();

}



public User selectById(String id)

{

return dao.selectById(id);

}



public void insertUsers(List users)

{

dao.insertUsers(users);

}

}






UserDAO.class :

package DAO;



import java.util.List;



import Model.User;



/**

* DAO层接口

*

*

* @author 李嘉陵

* @since 2006-4-30 8:40:56

* @version 0.10a

**/



public interface UserDAO {

public void select();

public void test();

public void selectWithTemp();

public List select(String where);

public void update(String how);

public void insert(User u);

public User selectById(String id);

public int[] insertUsers(final List users);



}




UserDAOImp.class:

package DAO.Imp;





import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.List;



import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BatchPreparedStatementSetter;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowCallbackHandler;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapperResultReader;



import DAO.UserDAO;

import Model.User;



/**

* DAO层的实现

*

*

* @author 李嘉陵

* @since 2006-4-30 8:41:26

* @version 0.10a

**/



public class UserDAOImp implements UserDAO{



private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;



public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate)

{

this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;

}



class UserRowMapper implements RowMapper

{

public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs,int index) throws SQLException

{

User u = new User();

u.setId(rs.getString("ID"));

u.setName(rs.getString("Name"));

u.setPassword(rs.getString("Password"));



return u;

}

}



public void selectWithTemp()

{

String sql = "select * from admin";



jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new RowCallbackHandler() {

public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

System.out.println("ID: "+rs.getString("ID")+" Name: "+rs.getString("name"));

}

} );



}



public List select(String where)

{

List list;

String sql = "select * from admin "+where;

list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new RowMapperResultReader(new UserRowMapper()));

return list;

}



public User selectById(String id)

{

String sql = "select * from admin where id=?";

final User u = new User();

final Object[] params = new Object[] {id};



jdbcTemplate.query(sql,params, new RowCallbackHandler(){

public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

u.setId(rs.getString("ID"));

u.setName(rs.getString("NAME"));

u.setPassword(rs.getString("PASSWORD"));

}

});



return u;

}



public void update(String how)

{

String sql = how;

jdbcTemplate.update(sql);

}



public void insert(User u)

{

String sql = "insert into admin (ID,NAME,PASSWORD) values (admin_id_seq.nextval,?,?)";

Object[] params = new Object[] {

u.getName(),

u.getPassword()};

jdbcTemplate.update(sql,params);

}



}






UserAction.class:

//测试类

public class UserAction {

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Resource resource=new ClassPathResource("beans.xml");

BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);

User user = (User) factory.getBean("user");



user.selectWithTemp();

}

}