Linux云计算-就业第十周作业

1、在阿里云服务器搭建openv-p-n

2、通过编译、二进制安装MySQL5.7

这里使用清华源镜像（下载速度比较快），当然也可以使用mysql官网中的包。
清华源镜像地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/
进入网站有三个大分类，下面来介绍一下：

 因为我们需要安装二进制包，因此我们选用"downloads"。

1、先查看自己的系统是多少位的

uname -i

2、下载对应64位的免编译二进制包，并解压至指定软件

yum install -y wget

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/
MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz --no-check-certificate               
#有的不需要"--no-check-certificate",表示不用证书检查。

tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
mv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3、安装相关依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel perl-Data-Dumper

4、创建用户和数据目录库目录，并修改权限

#创建mysql用户，因为使用mysql需要该用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql

#创建datadir，数据库文件会放在这里
mkdir /data/mysql -pv
#更改权限，此文件需要使用mysql用户进行操作，要不然操作会报错
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

5、准备环境变量，使其立即生效

echo 'PATH=/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
tail -1 /etc/profile

source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

6、修改配置文件

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak


vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

7.初始化数据库

[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

8、拷贝启动脚本到/etc/init.d/目录下，并改名mysqld

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
systemctl start mysqld

9、重新加载系统服务，将MySQL数据库加入开机自启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mysqld.service
chkconfig mysqld on

10、启动MySQL数据库，并检查端口监听状态

service mysql start

ps -ef|grep mysql
ss -anput | grep 3306

3、二进制安装mariadb10.4

1、安装相关包

yum -y install libaio numactl-libs

2、创建用户和组

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

3、准备程序文件

tar xfv mariadb-10.4.22-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/
ln -s mariadb-10.4.22-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 mysql
chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/

4、准备环境变量

echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

5、创建数据库目录，修改权限

mkdir /data/mysql -pv

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

6、准备配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/
cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}
vim /etc/my.cnf
cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
 
[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
 

7、创建配置文件中指定的路径并修改权限

[root@centos7 mysql]#mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]#touch /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll  /var/lib/mysql
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:00 mysql.sock
[root@centos7 mysql]#chmod guo+wr /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll  /var/lib/mysql
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:00 mysql.sock

[root@centos7 mysql]#touch /data/mysql/mysql.log
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll /data/mysql/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:18 mysql.log
[root@centos7 mysql]#chmod guo+rw /data/mysql/mysql.log
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll /data/mysql/mysql.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:18 /data/mysql/mysql.log

[root@centos7 mysql]#mkdir /var/run/mariadb
[root@centos7 mysql]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mariadb/
[root@centos7 mysql]#touch /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll /var/run/mariadb/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:32 mariadb.pid
[root@centos7 mysql]#chmod guo+rw /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
[root@centos7 mysql]#ll /var/run/mariadb/
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Feb  1 13:32 mariadb.pid

8、初始化数据库文件并生成 root 空密码

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

9、启动MariaDB守护程序

./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &

10、准备服务脚本和启动

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --list mysqld
 
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.
 
      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
 
mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
systemctl start mysqld.service