Laravel 12 基于 EMQX 实现 MQTT 消息发送与接收
要在 Laravel 12 中实现基于 EMQX 的 MQTT 消息发送与接收,你可以按照以下步骤操作:
1. 安装必要的依赖包
首先安装 MQTT 客户端库:
composer require php-mqtt/client
2. 配置 EMQX 连接
在 .env
文件中添加 EMQX 连接配置:
MQTT_HOST=your_emqx_server_address
MQTT_PORT=1883
MQTT_CLIENT_ID=laravel_mqtt_client
MQTT_USERNAME=your_username
MQTT_PASSWORD=your_password
MQTT_KEEPALIVE=60
MQTT_CLEAN_SESSION=true
3. 创建 MQTT 服务类
创建 app/Services/MqttService.php
:
<?php
namespace App\Services;
use PhpMqtt\Client\MqttClient;
use PhpMqtt\Client\ConnectionSettings;
class MqttService
{
protected $client;
public function __construct()
{
$host = env('MQTT_HOST');
$port = env('MQTT_PORT');
$clientId = env('MQTT_CLIENT_ID');
$this->client = new MqttClient($host, $port, $clientId);
}
public function connect()
{
$connectionSettings = (new ConnectionSettings)
->setUsername(env('MQTT_USERNAME'))
->setPassword(env('MQTT_PASSWORD'))
->setKeepAliveInterval(env('MQTT_KEEPALIVE'))
->setCleanSession(env('MQTT_CLEAN_SESSION'));
$this->client->connect($connectionSettings, true);
return $this;
}
public function publish($topic, $message)
{
$this->client->publish($topic, $message);
return $this;
}
public function subscribe($topic, callable $callback)
{
$this->client->subscribe($topic, $callback);
return $this;
}
public function disconnect()
{
$this->client->disconnect();
}
public function loop()
{
$this->client->loop(true);
}
}
4. 创建 MQTT 命令
创建订阅消息的命令:
php artisan make:command SubscribeMqtt
编辑 app/Console/Commands/SubscribeMqtt.php
:
<?php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use App\Services\MqttService;
class SubscribeMqtt extends Command
{
protected $signature = 'mqtt:subscribe {topic}';
protected $description = 'Subscribe to MQTT topic';
public function handle()
{
$topic = $this->argument('topic');
$mqtt = new MqttService();
$mqtt->connect();
$mqtt->subscribe($topic, function ($topic, $message) {
$this->info("Received message on topic [{$topic}]: {$message}");
// 在这里处理接收到的消息
});
$mqtt->loop();
}
}
5. 使用 MQTT 服务
发送消息
在控制器或其他地方发送消息:
use App\Services\MqttService;
// 发送消息
$mqtt = new MqttService();
$mqtt->connect()
->publish('test/topic', 'Hello from Laravel')
->disconnect();
接收消息
启动订阅命令:
php artisan mqtt:subscribe test/topic
6. 高级用法
使用队列处理接收的消息
修改订阅命令的回调:
$mqtt->subscribe($topic, function ($topic, $message) {
\App\Jobs\ProcessMqttMessage::dispatch($topic, $message);
});
然后创建对应的队列任务:
php artisan make:job ProcessMqttMessage
使用事件系统
创建 MQTT 消息事件:
php artisan make:event MqttMessageReceived
然后在订阅回调中触发事件:
$mqtt->subscribe($topic, function ($topic, $message) {
event(new \App\Events\MqttMessageReceived($topic, $message));
});
7. 安全性考虑
- 使用 TLS/SSL 加密连接(EMQX 默认支持)
- 在 EMQX 中设置 ACL 规则限制客户端权限
- 使用认证插件(如 JWT、MySQL、Redis 认证)
8. 部署建议
- 使用 Supervisor 管理订阅进程
- 考虑使用 EMQX 集群提高可用性
- 监控 EMQX 和 Laravel 应用的资源使用情况