C# Excel 解决方案

 C# Excel 解决方案

因为现在用到的是winform，对web的解决没有去关注，所以现在只是对winform操作excel做笔记

以前做考试系统的时候，接触过excel导入，不过当时不是我负责所以了解不多，只是知道在.net中excel可以想其他数据源一样访问。

 

C# 操作Excel分两种情况

1.利用office组件，就是要安装office（或者下载dll添加引用也可以，没试过） 。代码1

 

2.不利用office组件，而是用TextWriter的某些子类编写器将字节流写入文件，这些文件其实不是真正的excel文件（可以用记事本打开不乱码），虽然能用excel打开。如果你在把这些导出的文件当作excel数据源，就不行了。

 

    其实还有一种方法虽然不利用office组件不过当导出到excel的时候有有一个事先创建好的excel文件（这样比用office组件好点，毕竟有别的编译器可以生成excel文件，不过这样也只是自欺欺人吧）。这个方法是导出的时候也把已经创建好的excel当做数据源用OleDbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()等方法写入excel。我们把这标记为代码3，以便下面提供代码。

 

相关代码：

我们先看最后一种方法代码（我开始用的是这个不上不下的方法）

代码3

1.         /// <summary>
2.         /// 将DataTable导出为excel 自动创建excel
3.         /// </summary>
4.         /// <param name="dt"> 数据源</param>
5.         /// <param name="ExcelFileName"> 要保存的excel的name</param>
6.         /// <param name="strWorkSheetName">创建的表的名字 </param>
7.         public static string ExportTable2ExcelFile(DataTable dt, string ExcelFileName, string strWorkSheetName)
8.         {
9.             if (File.Exists(ExcelFileName) == false)
10.             {
11.                 return "指定文件不存在！";
12.             }
14.             if (dt == null)
15.             {
16.                 return "数据不能为空！";
17.             }
19.             if (strWorkSheetName.ToString() == "")
20.             {
21.                 return "数据表名不可以为空！";
22.             }
23.             dt.TableName = strWorkSheetName;
25.             int iRows = dt.Rows.Count;
26.             int iCols = dt.Columns.Count;
28.             StringBuilder stringBuilder;
29.             string connString;
31.             if (iRows == 0)
32.             {
33.                 return "没有可导入数据！";
34.             }
36.             stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
39.             connString = ExcelOperation.GetExcelConnection(ExcelFileName);// "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + ExcelFileName + ";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
41.             //先查看此Excel中是否有相关Table，如果有的话就删除，然后导入新的。
42.             //生成创建表的脚本
43.             stringBuilder.Append("CREATE TABLE ");
44.             stringBuilder.Append(dt.TableName + " ( ");
45.             for (int i = 0; i < iCols; i++)
46.             {
47.                 //此处是本版本改进中最实用的地方
48.                 string strType = ExcelOperation.GetOleDataType(dt.Columns[i]);
49.                 if (i < iCols - 1)
50.                     stringBuilder.Append(string.Format("{0} {1},", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, strType));
51.                 else
52.                     stringBuilder.Append(string.Format("{0} {1})", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, strType));
53.             }
56.             using (OleDbConnection objConn = new OleDbConnection(connString))
57.             {
60.                 OleDbCommand objCmd = new OleDbCommand();
61.                 objCmd.Connection = objConn;
63.                 //插入新表
64.                 objCmd.CommandText = stringBuilder.ToString();
66.                 try
67.                 {
68.                     objConn.Open();
69.                     //插入新表
70.                     objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
72.                 }
73.                 catch (Exception e)
74.                 {
75.                     return "在Excel中创建表失败！错误信息：" + e.Message;
76.                 }
78.                 stringBuilder.Remove(0, stringBuilder.Length);
80.                 stringBuilder.Append("INSERT INTO ");
81.                 stringBuilder.Append(dt.TableName + " ( ");
83.                 //先插入标头
84.                 for (int i = 0; i < iCols; i++)
85.                 {
86.                     if (i < iCols - 1)
87.                         stringBuilder.Append(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName + ",");
88.                     else
89.                         stringBuilder.Append(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName + ") values (");
90.                 }
92.                 for (int i = 0; i < iCols; i++)
93.                 {
95.                     if (i < iCols - 1)
96.                         stringBuilder.Append("@" + dt.Columns[i].ColumnName + ",");
97.                     else
98.                         stringBuilder.Append("@" + dt.Columns[i].ColumnName + ")");
99.                 }
102.                 //建立插入动作的Command
103.                 objCmd.CommandText = stringBuilder.ToString();
104.                 OleDbParameterCollection oleParam = objCmd.Parameters;
106.                 oleParam.Clear();
107.                 for (int i = 0; i < iCols; i++)
108.                 {
109.                     OleDbType oleDbType = ExcelOperation.GetRefOleDataType(dt.Columns[i]);
111.                     //此处是本版本改进中最实用的地方
112.                     oleParam.Add(new OleDbParameter("@" + dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, oleDbType));
113.                 }
116.                 //遍历DataTable将数据插入新建的Excel文件中
117.                 foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
118.                 {
119.                     for (int i = 0; i < oleParam.Count; i++)
120.                     {
121.                         oleParam[i].Value = row[i];
122.                     }
124.                     objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
127.                 }
128.                 return "数据已成功导入Excel！";
129.             }
130.         }
132.         /// <summary>
133.         /// 获取与本地DataSet中指定列的类型对应的OleDbType的数据类型字符串
134.         /// </summary>
135.         /// <param name="dataColumn"></param>
136.         /// <returns></returns>
137.         public static string GetOleDataType(DataColumn dataColumn)
138.         {
139.             switch (dataColumn.DataType.Name)
140.             {
141.                 case "String"://字符串
142.                     {
143.                         return "VarChar";
144.                     }
145.                 case "Double"://数字
146.                     {
147.                         return "Double";
148.                     }
149.                 case "Decimal"://数字
150.                     {
151.                         return "Decimal";
152.                     }
153.                 case "DateTime"://时间
154.                     {
155.                         return "Date";
156.                     }
157.                 default://
158.                     {
159.                         return "VarChar";
160.                     }
161.             }
162.         }
164.         /// <summary>
165.         /// 获取与本地DataSet中指定列的类型对应的OleDbType类型
166.         /// </summary>
167.         /// <param name="dataColumn"></param>
168.         /// <returns></returns>
169.         public static OleDbType GetRefOleDataType(DataColumn dataColumn)
170.         {
171.             switch (dataColumn.DataType.Name)
172.             {
173.                 case "String"://字符串
174.                     {
175.                         return OleDbType.VarChar;
176.                     }
177.                 case "Double"://数字
178.                     {
179.                         return OleDbType.Double;
180.                     }
181.                 case "Decimal"://数字
182.                     {
183.                         return OleDbType.Decimal;
184.                     }
185.                 case "DateTime"://时间
186.                     {
187.                         return OleDbType.Date;
188.                     }
189.                 default:
190.                     {
191.                         return OleDbType.VarChar;
192.                     }
193.             }
194.         }
195.         public static string GetExcelConnection(string strFilePath)
196.         {
197.             if (!File.Exists(strFilePath))
198.             {
199.                 throw new Exception("指定的Excel文件不存在！");
200.             }
201.             return
202.                  @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" +
203.                  @"Data Source=" + strFilePath + ";" +
204.                  @"Extended Properties=" + Convert.ToChar(34).ToString() +
205.                  @"Excel 8.0;" + "Imex=2;HDR=Yes;" + Convert.ToChar(34).ToString();
206.         }

2.不利用office组件，而是用TextWriter的某些子类编写器将字节流写入文件。

这个提供一个类库的使用吧，就不发代码了4百多行，可以到下面的网址去下。项目是vs2003做的要转换下然后把RKLib.ExportData.dll复制到bin下引用（或直接引用）然后就可以直接用了

导出到excel的代码：  RKLib.ExportData.Export objExport = new RKLib.ExportData.Export("Win");
                                     objExport.ExportDetails(dt, Export.ExportFormat.Excel, saveFileDialog1.FileName);

这个还提供了web导出和CSV格式导出。

 

网址：http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/ExportClassLibrary.aspx

 

 

利用office组件。这类代码网上很多。

代码1：

1. ///
2. //Purpose：Excel文件导入导出,需引用Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library (需安装excel)
3. //Author: Dangmy 
4. //Date: 2007-03-09
5. //Version: 1.0
6. ///
8. public class ExcelIO
9. {
10.      private int _ReturnStatus;
11.      private string _ReturnMessage;
13.      /// <summary>
14.      /// 执行返回状态
15.      /// </summary>
16.      public int ReturnStatus
17.      {
18.          get{return _ReturnStatus;}
19.      }
21.      /// <summary>
22.      /// 执行返回信息
23.      /// </summary>
24.      public string ReturnMessage
25.      {
26.          get{return _ReturnMessage;}
27.      }
29.      public ExcelIO()
30.      {
31.      }
33.      /// <summary>
34.      /// 导入EXCEL到DataSet
35.      /// </summary>
36.      /// <param name="fileName">Excel全路径文件名</param>
37.      /// <returns>导入成功的DataSet</returns>
38.      public DataSet ImportExcel(string fileName)
39.      {
40.          //判断是否安装EXCEL
41.          Excel.Application xlApp=new Excel.ApplicationClass();           
42.          if(xlApp==null)
43.          {
44.              _ReturnStatus = -1;
45.              _ReturnMessage = "无法创建Excel对象，可能您的计算机未安装Excel";
46.              return null;
47.          }       
49.          //判断文件是否被其他进程使用            
50.          Excel.Workbook workbook;                
51.          try
52.          {
53.              workbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(fileName,0, false, 5, "", "", false, Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, "", true, false, 0, true, 1, 0);
54.          }
55.          catch
56.          { 
57.              _ReturnStatus = -1;
58.              _ReturnMessage = "Excel文件处于打开状态，请保存关闭";
59.              return null;
60.          }       
61.         
62.          //获得所有Sheet名称
63.          int n = workbook.Worksheets.Count;
64.          string[] SheetSet = new string[n];
65.          System.Collections.ArrayList al = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
66.          for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
67.          {
68.              SheetSet[i-1] = ((Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[i]).Name;
69.          }
70.         
71.          //释放Excel相关对象
72.          workbook.Close(null,null,null);         
73.          xlApp.Quit();
74.          if(workbook != null)
75.          { 
76.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);
77.              workbook = null;
78.          }
79.          if(xlApp != null)
80.          { 
81.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
82.              xlApp = null;
83.          }   
84.          GC.Collect();
85.         
86.          //把EXCEL导入到DataSet
87.          DataSet ds = new DataSet();         
88.          string connStr = " Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = "+ fileName +";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0" ;
89.          using(OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection (connStr))
90.          {
91.              conn.Open();
92.              OleDbDataAdapter da; 
93.              for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
94.              {
95.                  string sql = "select * from ["+ SheetSet[i-1] +"$] ";
96.                  da = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql,conn);
97.                  da.Fill(ds,SheetSet[i-1]);  
98.                  da.Dispose();
99.              }               
100.              conn.Close();
101.              conn.Dispose();
102.          }               
103.          return ds;
104.      }
106.      /// <summary>
107.      /// 把DataTable导出到EXCEL
108.      /// </summary>
109.      /// <param name="reportName">报表名称</param>
110.      /// <param name="dt">数据源表</param>
111.      /// <param name="saveFileName">Excel全路径文件名</param>
112.      /// <returns>导出是否成功</returns>
113.      public bool ExportExcel(string reportName,DataTable dt,string saveFileName)
114.      {
115.          if(dt==null) 
116.          {
117.              _ReturnStatus = -1;
118.              _ReturnMessage = "数据集为空！";
119.              return false;           
120.          }
122.          bool fileSaved=false;
123.          Excel.Application xlApp=new Excel.ApplicationClass();   
124.          if(xlApp==null)
125.          {
126.              _ReturnStatus = -1;
127.              _ReturnMessage = "无法创建Excel对象，可能您的计算机未安装Excel";
128.              return false;
129.          }
131.          Excel.Workbooks workbooks=xlApp.Workbooks;
132.          Excel.Workbook workbook=workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
133.          Excel.Worksheet worksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];//取得sheet1
134.          worksheet.Cells.Font.Size = 10;
135.          Excel.Range range;
137.          long totalCount=dt.Rows.Count;
138.          long rowRead=0;
139.          float percent=0;
141.          worksheet.Cells[1,1]=reportName;
142.          ((Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1,1]).Font.Size = 12;
143.          ((Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1,1]).Font.Bold = true;
145.          //写入字段
146.          for(int i=0;i<dt.Columns.Count;i++)
147.          {
148.              worksheet.Cells[2,i+1]=dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
149.              range=(Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[2,i+1];
150.              range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;
151.              range.Font.Bold = true;
153.          }
154.          //写入数值
155.          for(int r=0;r<dt.Rows.Count;r++)
156.          {
157.              for(int i=0;i<dt.Columns.Count;i++)
158.              {
159.                  worksheet.Cells[r+3,i+1]=dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
160.              }
161.              rowRead++;
162.              percent=((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount;
163.          }
164.         
165.          range=worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[2,1],worksheet.Cells[dt.Rows.Count+2,dt.Columns.Count]);
166.          range.BorderAround(Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous,Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin,Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic,null);
167.          if( dt.Rows.Count > 0)
168.          {
169.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].ColorIndex = Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;
170.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].LineStyle =Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
171.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].Weight =Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
172.          }
173.          if(dt.Columns.Count>1)
174.          {
175.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].ColorIndex =Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;
176.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
177.              range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
178.          }
180.          //保存文件
181.          if(saveFileName!="")
182.          {
183.              try
184.              {
185.                  workbook.Saved =true;
186.                  workbook.SaveCopyAs(saveFileName);
187.                  fileSaved=true;
188.              }
189.              catch(Exception ex)
190.              {
191.                  fileSaved=false;
192.                  _ReturnStatus = -1;
193.                  _ReturnMessage = "导出文件时出错,文件可能正被打开！/n"+ex.Message;
194.              }
195.          }
196.          else
197.          {
198.              fileSaved=false;
199.          }           
200.     
201.          //释放Excel对应的对象
202.          if(range != null)
203.          { 
204.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range);
205.              range = null;
206.          }
207.          if(worksheet != null)
208.          { 
209.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(worksheet);
210.              worksheet = null;
211.          }
212.          if(workbook != null)
213.          { 
214.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook);
215.              workbook = null;
216.          }
217.          if(workbooks != null)
218.          { 
219.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbooks);
220.              workbooks = null;
221.          }               
222.          xlApp.Application.Workbooks.Close();
223.          xlApp.Quit();
224.          if(xlApp != null)
225.          { 
226.              System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
227.              xlApp = null;
228.          }
229.          GC.Collect();
230.          return fileSaved;
231.      }
232. }

参考:

3.http://dr.net.blog.163.com/blog/static/226451372007621082489/