application/xml and text/xml的区别
经常看到有关xml时提到"application/xml" 和 "text/xml"两种类型, 二者功能一模一样,唯一的区别就是编码格式,text/xml忽略xml头所指定编码格式而默认采用us-ascii编码,而application/xml会根据xml头指定的编码格式来编码:
XML has two MIME types,application/xml and text/xml . These are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference which is why application/xml is generally recommended over the latter.
Let me explain why: according to the standard, text/* -MIME types have a us-ascii character set unless otherwise specified in the HTTP headers. This effectively means that any encoding defined in the XML prolog (e.g. <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?>) is ignored. This is of course not the expected and desired behaviour.
To further complicate matters, most/all browser implementations actually implement nonstandard behaviour for text/xml because they process the encoding as if it were application/xml .
So, text/* has encoding issues, and is not implemented by browsers in a standards-compliant manner, which is why using application/* is recommended.
text/xml 和 application/xml的字符集编码问题
关键字: text/xml application/xml
对于Webservice的应用来说,我们通常都是用UTF-8进行网络传输,但也有通过GBK和GB2312传输的情况,但是在我们Webservice的代码实现中,其实是不用关心具体的传输编码的,因为根据RFC2376的定义,Webservice的引擎(axis,cxf,jaxws..)会根据文件传输的ContentType及XML 声明部分定义的编码自动将网络传输过来的内容(字符串)转换成unicode(jvm运行时的字符串都是以unicode形式存在的)。以下是RFC2376的描述:
例子1:
webservice传输的文件
- Content-type: application/xml; charset="utf-16"
- {BOM}<?xml version="1.0"?>
Content-type: application/xml; charset="utf-16" {BOM}<?xml version="1.0"?>
XML and MIME processors会按照utf-16编码处理该文件
例子2:
webservice传输的文件
- Content-type: application/xml
- <?xml version='1.0'?>
Content-type: application/xml <?xml version='1.0'?>
XML processors会按照utf-8编码处理该文件
例子3:
webservice传输的文件
- Content-type: application/xml
- <?xml version='1.0' encoding="ISO-10646-UCS-4"?>
Content-type: application/xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding="ISO-10646-UCS-4"?>
XML processors会按照UCS-4编码处理该文件
例子4:
webservice传输的文件
- Content-type: text/xml
- {BOM}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
Content-type: text/xml {BOM}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
XML processors会按照us-ascii,而不是utf-16编码处理该文件
参考文档: