存储性能指标--iops

    IOPS是指单位时间内系统能处理的I/O请求数量，一般以每秒处理的I/O请求数量为单位。随机读写频繁的应用，如OLTP(Online Transaction Processing)，IOPS是关键衡量指标。

    传统磁盘本质上是一种机械装置，转速通常为5400/7200/10K/15K rpm不等。磁盘完成一个I/O请求所花费的时间，由寻道时间、旋转延迟和数据传输时间三部分构成。寻道时间Tseek是指将磁头移动至正确的磁道上所需要的时间，其平均值一般在3~15ms。旋转延迟Trotation是指盘片旋转将请求数据所在扇区移至读写磁头下方所需要的时间，取决于磁盘转速，通常使用磁盘旋转一周所需时间的1/2表示，如，7200 rpm磁盘平均旋转延迟大约为60*1000/7200/2 = 4.17ms。数据传输时间Ttransfer是指传输所请求数据所需要的时间，它取决于数据传输率，目前IDE/ATA能达到133MB/s，SATA II可达到300MB/s的数据传输率。相对于寻道时间Tseek和旋转延迟Trotation，数据传输时间Ttransfer所占的比例往往是非常小的（取决于每次传输的数据量的大小，数据量大，则比例高，数据量小，则比例低）。

    IOPS与读写负载特征息息相关。如果为顺序读写，则两次顺序读写之间的寻道时间和旋转时间可以忽略，因此顺序读写iops往往远大于随机读写iops。除此之外，iops也与存储的缓存、阵列的结构等有关。理论上可以计算出磁盘的最大随机IOPS，即IOPS = 1000 ms/ (Tseek + Troatation)，其值一般在100~200之间。

    下面的图表非常清楚的表示了IOPS和读写特征的关系：(配置12块Maxtor 250GB, 7,200RPM的磁盘，512MB Cache)

   

    在磁盘阵列系统中， 磁盘数量越多， IOPS 值越大 ( 几乎呈线性增长 )

    而且在同样的配置下，IOPS值随磁盘中数据量的增加而下降

    下面是常用磁盘的IOPS列表，参考自维基百科

Device	Type	IOPS	Interface	Notes
7,200 rpm SATA drives	HDD	~75-100 IOPS[2]	SATA 3 Gbit/s
10,000 rpm SATA drives	HDD	~125-150 IOPS[2]	SATA 3 Gbit/s
10,000 rpm SAS drives	HDD	~140 IOPS[2]	SAS
15,000 rpm SAS drives	HDD	~175-210 IOPS[2]	SAS

Solid State Devices

Device	Type	IOPS	Interface	Notes
Simple SLC SSD	SSD	~400 IOPS[citation needed]	SATA 3 Gbit/s
Intel X25-M G2(MLC)	SSD	~8,600 IOPS[11]	SATA 3 Gbit/s	Intel's data sheet[12] claims 6,600/8,600 IOPS (80 GB/160 GB version) and 35,000 IOPS for random 4 KB writes and reads, respectively.
Intel X25-E(SLC)	SSD	~5,000 IOPS[13]	SATA 3 Gbit/s	Intel's data sheet[14] claims 3,300 IOPS and 35,000 IOPS for writes and reads, respectively. 5,000 IOPS are measured for a mix. Intel X25-E G1 has around 3 times higher IOPS compared to the Intel X25-M G2.[15]
G.Skill Phoenix Pro	SSD	~20,000 IOPS[16]	SATA 3 Gbit/s	SandForce-1200 based SSD drives with enhanced firmware, states up to 50,000 IOPS, but benchmarking shows for this particular drive ~25,000 IOPS for random read and ~15,000 IOPS for random write.[16]
OCZ Vertex 3	SSD	Up to 60,000 IOPS[17]	SATA 6 Gbit/s	Random Write 4 KB (Aligned)
Corsair Force Series GT	SSD	Up to 85,000 IOPS[18]	SATA 6 Gbit/s	240 GB Drive, 555 MB/s sequential read & 525 MB/s sequential write, Random Write 4 KB Test (Aligned)
OCZ Vertex 4	SSD	Up to 120,000 IOPS[19]	SATA 6 Gbit/s	256 GB Drive, 560 MB/s sequential read & 510 MB/s sequential write, Random Read 4 KB Test 90K IOPS, Random Write 4 KB Test 85K IOPS
Texas Memory Systems RamSan-20	SSD	120,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[20]	PCIe	Includes RAM cache
Fusion-ioioDrive	SSD	140,000 Read IOPS, 135,000 Write IOPS[21]	PCIe
Virident SystemstachIOn	SSD	320,000 sustained READ IOPS using 4KB blocks and 200,000 sustained WRITE IOPS using 4KB blocks[22]	PCIe
OCZ RevoDrive 3 X2	SSD	200,000 Random Write 4K IOPS[23]	PCIe
Fusion-io ioDrive Duo	SSD	250,000+ IOPS[24]	PCIe
Violin MemoryViolin 3200	SSD	250,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[25]	PCIe /FC/Infiniband/iSCSI	Flash Memory Array
WHIPTAIL, ACCELA	SSD	250,000/200,000+ Write/Read IOPS[26]	Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Infiniband/SRP, NFS, CIFS	Flash Based Storage Array
DDRdrive X1,	SSD	300,000+ (512B Random Read IOPS) and 200,000+ (512B Random Write IOPS)[27][28][29][30]	PCIe
SolidFireSF3010/SF6010	SSD	250,000 4KB Read/Write IOPS[31]	iSCSI	Flash Based Storage Array (5RU)
Texas Memory Systems RamSan-720 Appliance	SSD	500,000 Optimal Read, 250,000 Optimal Write 4KB IOPS[32]	FC / InfiniBand
OCZ Single SuperScale Z-Drive R4 PCI-Express SSD	SSD	Up to 500,000 IOPS[33]	PCIe
WHIPTAIL,INVICTA	SSD	650,000/550,000+ Read/Write IOPS[34]	Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Infiniband/SRP, NFS	Flash Based Storage Array
Violin MemoryViolin 6000	3RU Flash Memory Array	1,000,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[35]	/FC/Infiniband/10Gb(iSCSI)/ PCIe
Texas Memory Systems RamSan-630 Appliance	SSD	1,000,000+ 4KB Random Read/Write IOPS[36]	FC / InfiniBand
Fusion-io ioDrive Octal (single PCI Express card)	SSD	1,180,000+ Random Read/Write IOPS[37]	PCIe
OCZ 2x SuperScale Z-Drive R4 PCI-Express SSD	SSD	Up to 1,200,000 IOPS[33]	PCIe
Texas Memory Systems RamSan-70	SSD	1,200,000 Random Read/Write IOPS[38]	PCIe	Includes RAM cache
Kaminario K2	Flash/DRAM/Hybrid SSD	Up to 1,200,000 IOPS SPC-1 IOPS with the K2-D (DRAM)[39][40]	FC
Fusion-io ioDrive2	SSD	Up to 9,608,000 IOPS[41]	PCIe