什么是容器数据卷

johnmand

已于 2022-01-30 17:00:38 修改

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文章标签：容器 docker 运维

于 2022-01-29 17:10:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/johnmand/article/details/122745343

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[root@localhost data]# cd /var/lib/docker/
[root@localhost docker]# ls
buildkit  containers  image  network  overlay2  plugins  runtimes  swarm  tmp  trust  volumes
[root@localhost docker]# cd volumes/
[root@localhost volumes]# ls
6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688  9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49  backingFsBlockDev  metadata.db
8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49  ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af  gaole
[root@localhost volumes]# ls -al
total 28
drwx-----x.  7 root root  4096 Jan 30 16:34 .
drwx--x---. 13 root root   167 Jan 28 06:16 ..
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:25 6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 28 21:43 8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:34 9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:25 ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af
brw-------.  1 root root  8, 2 Jan 28 06:16 backingFsBlockDev
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:34 gaole
-rw-------.  1 root root 32768 Jan 30 16:34 metadata.db

如果数据在容器中，容器被删除，数据就会被删除。

要求数据可以持久化！

容器之间可以又一个可以数据共享的技术！Docker容器中产生的数据，同步到本地

这就是卷技术，把容器内的目录挂载到宿主机上

假设容器里是/usr/mysql

宿主机是/home/mysql

方式一：

docker run -it -v 宿主机的目录:容器内的目录 -p 主机端口，容器内端口

docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash

docker inspect的时候可以看到元数据里又"Mount"的数据：其中source是宿主机目录，destination是目的主机目录

这样就是自动同步，双向绑定，一边有变化，另外一边也会有变化

容器删掉，本地的这个目录还是会存在的！即使容器停止，本地的目录修改，容器里的数据依然会随之变化

练习：mysql

#启动成功后，我们本地的sqlyog来接测试一下

#sqlyog-连接到服务器的3310，容器内的3306，

[root@localhost home]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MY_SQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql
69d523fc04622807e81804e54bd7b4f8a40eda1c13a8a913d23ce3abbbf98b3c
[root@localhost home]# cd /home    #-v写两个就可以挂载两个目录
[root@localhost home]# ls
mysql
[root@localhost home]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
conf  data
[root@localhost mysql]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
[root@localhost conf]# cd ..
[root@localhost mysql]# cd data
[root@localhost data]# ls
[root@localhost data]# ^C
[root@localhost data]# docker rm -f mysql01
mysql01
[root@localhost data]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
90d02b1d184f   mysql         "docker-entrypoint.s鈥   42 hours ago   Exited (1) 42 hours ago             practical_burnell
13c36870224f   centos        "/bin/bash"              42 hours ago   Exited (0) 42 hours ago             objective_lamarr
c1d26ff55f14   centos        "/bin/bash"              2 days ago     Up 42 hours                         keen_payne
5365c82423ff   hello-world   "/hello"                 2 days ago     Exited (0) 42 hours ago             clever_ritchie
[root@localhost data]# 
[root@localhost data]# 
[root@localhost data]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49  #删除容器以后数据卷还是在

匿名挂载

-v 容器路径 #不写宿主机的路径

root@localhost data]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -e MY_SQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 mysql             #匿名卷挂载
23aa674d2e1e38f7a45630651ca0767b75527ac65a3fb630d61ffdffffe39753
[root@localhost data]# docker volume --help

Usage:  docker volume COMMAND

Manage volumes

Commands:
  create      Create a volume
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more volumes
  ls          List volumes
  prune       Remove all unused local volumes
  rm          Remove one or more volumes

Run 'docker volume COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@localhost data]# docker volume ls          #显示所有卷
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME 
local     6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688
local     8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49
local     ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af
[root@localhost data]#

具名挂载

-v 卷名:容器内路径

docker inspect 容器ID可以查看到Mounts里的数据，就可以知道mount到了那里。并且还有卷的ID

"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "gaole",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/gaole/_data",
"Destination": "/etc/mysql/conf.d",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "z",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},

{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49/_data",
"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}

或者用docker volume inspect gaole

[root@localhost data]# docker volume inspect gaole
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2022-01-30T16:34:00+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/gaole/_data",
        "Name": "gaole",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name mysql03 -v gaole:/etc/mysql/conf.d mysql
57fb2a83ed299638d6413ae4f6262a95334a4f39bd210f6c0eb49bf1fa5ba99c
[root@localhost data]# 
[root@localhost data]# docker volume ls    #挂载出来就会有卷名
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688
local     8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49
local     9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49
local     ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af
local     gaole

在这个目录下也会有保存volume的信息，使用具名挂载可以方便的找到我们的卷

[root@localhost data]# cd /var/lib/docker/
[root@localhost docker]# ls
buildkit  containers  image  network  overlay2  plugins  runtimes  swarm  tmp  trust  volumes
[root@localhost docker]# cd volumes/
[root@localhost volumes]# ls
6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688  9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49  backingFsBlockDev  metadata.db
8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49  ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af  gaole
[root@localhost volumes]# ls -al
total 28
drwx-----x.  7 root root  4096 Jan 30 16:34 .
drwx--x---. 13 root root   167 Jan 28 06:16 ..
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:25 6249e9e1ad3ae1b0bbe7df93604813ab721e1ef75c1c413ccfd5da043e0db688
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 28 21:43 8623aba881c601597987a5892ec08bc2eaf026bb81842e762d7837a421b62a49
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:34 9142d94be60cb53b7db280f54a3c2413b69063ed0efb91a05b8fa4d3d8abdc49
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:25 ba78df1e972c185b9ef9eae1315e0a8da0557ac92bcd21c42b8ea8131e8026af
brw-------.  1 root root  8, 2 Jan 28 06:16 backingFsBlockDev
drwx-----x.  3 root root    19 Jan 30 16:34 gaole
-rw-------.  1 root root 32768 Jan 30 16:34 metadata.db

如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载，还是指定路径挂载

-v 容器内的路径 #匿名挂在

-v 卷名：容器内的路径 #具名挂载

-v /宿主机路径：容器内的路径 #指定路径挂载

拓展

docker run -d -P --name gaole -v gaole:/etc/test:ro mysql #ro:只读

docker run -d -P --name gaole -v gaole:/etc/test:rw mysql #rw:可读可写

#一旦这个设置了容器的权限，容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了。

#ro，这个路径只能通过宿主机改变，容器内部无法操作。默认是rw

johnmand

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什么是容器数据卷

如果数据在容器中，容器被删除，数据就会被删除。要求数据可以持久化！容器之间可以又一个可以数据共享的技术！Docker容器中产生的数据，同步到本地这就是卷技术，把容器内的目录挂载到宿主机上假设容器里是/usr/mysql宿主机是/home/mysql方式一：docker run -it -v 宿主机的目录:容器内的目录 -p 主机端口，容器内端口docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bashdocker inspec
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