SCN号研究
什么是scn(system change number)号
scn号是ORACLE数据库一个内部时钟,是数据库的历史时间记录,用来衡量ORACLE事务(transaction)发生的顺序,是一个时间概念。 scn号不断增加,可以理解为直至无穷大。
什么时候scn号会增加
scn号会实时增加的,而且只会增加不会减少,反映数据库的更新历史。
怎样查询目前系统最新的scn号
SQL>select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual; (9i以前) |
SQL>select current_scn# from v$database;(10g以后) |
scn号的存在什么地方
1. 控制文件中当:
- Database checkpoint SCN(系统常规检查点checkpoint对应的scn号,Oracle就把系统检查点的scn存储到控制文件中)
- Resetlogs scn(系统在执行resetlogs操作时的scn号,当数据库系统做resetlogs操作完成之后会把这时scn号记录到控制文件)
SQL>select RESETLOGS_CHANGE# from v$database; |
- Datafile Checkpoint scn(一个检查点动作完成后,Oracle就把每个数据文件的scn单独存放在控制文件中,每个数据文件一个)
SQL> select name, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile where name ='FILENAME'; |
- End scn号(ORACLE将End scn号存放在控制文件中,这个scn号用于检查数据库启动过程是否需要做instance recovery,每个数据文件一个)
SQL> select name, LAST_CHANGE# from v$datafile where name ='FILENAME'; |
- First scn、Next scn(控制文件中包含每个日志文件的low scn和next scn)
在线重做日志
2. 数据文件中(头部):
- Start scn(ORACLE将Start scn号存放在数据文件头中,这个scn用于检查数据库启动过程是否需要做media recovery,每个数据文件一个)
SQL> Select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where name ='FILENAME'; |
3. 数据文件
4. 日志文件(日志文件头中包含了low scn,next scn,表示该日志文件包含有从low scn到next scn的redo record)
接下来我们实例演示一下
Dump控制文件
Alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 8'; |
打开一个新的session
Dump数据文件头部
控制dump文件节选
第一段
***************************************************************************
DATABASE ENTRY *************************************************************************** (size = 316, compat size = 316, section max = 1, section in-use = 1, last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0) (extent = 1, blkno = 1, numrecs = 1) 04/11/2009 11:07:20 DB Name "ORA" Database flags = 0x00404001 0x00001000 Controlfile Creation Timestamp 04/11/2009 11:07:20 Incmplt recovery scn: 0x0000.00000000 Resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00089d08 Resetlogs Timestamp 04/11/2009 11:07:22
此处为Resetlogs scn
Prior resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00000001 Prior resetlogs Timestamp 12/19/2006 04:16:53 Redo Version: compatible=0xa200300 #Data files = 4, #Online files = 4 Database checkpoint: Thread=1 scn: 0x0000.000a326c
Database checkpoint SCN,系统常规检查点checkpoint对应的scn号,Oracle就把系统检查点的scn存储到控制文件中
Threads: #Enabled=1, #Open=1, Head=1, Tail=1
enabled threads: 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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Max log members = 3, Max data members = 1
Arch list: Head=2, Tail=2, Force scn: 0x0000.00096e74scn: 0x0000.000a326b Activation ID: 1302138531
Controlfile Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.000a32ca 04/17/2009 15:59:53
增量检查点更新的scn
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***************************************************************************
CHECKPOINT PROGRESS RECORDS *************************************************************************** (size = 8180, compat size = 8180, section max = 11, section in-use = 0, last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0) (extent = 1, blkno = 2, numrecs = 11) THREAD #1 - status:0x2 flags:0x0dirty:11
dirty buffer的数量
low cache rba:(0x8.b85.0) on disk rba:(0x8.bfb.0) on disk scn: 0x0000.000a340b 04/17/2009 16:10:26
增量检查点会更新low cache rba
resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00089d08 04/11/2009 11:07:22
heartbeat: 684440041 mount id: 1302634282
心跳检验没三秒检查一次,用于验证实例的存活性。 THREAD #2 - status:0x0 flags:0x0 dirty:0 low cache rba:(0x0.0.0) on disk rba:(0x0.0.0) on disk scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 |
第二段
*************************************************************************** REDO THREAD RECORDS *************************************************************************** (size = 256, compat size = 256, section max = 8, section in-use = 1, last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0) (extent = 1, blkno = 9, numrecs = 8) THREAD #1 - status:0xf thread links forward:0 back:0 #logs:3 first:1 last:3 current:2 last used seq#:0x8 enabled at scn: 0x0000.00089d08 04/11/2009 11:07:22 disabled at scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 opened at 04/17/2009 15:59:49 by instance ora Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.000a326c 04/17/2009 15:59:49
redo进程检查点,这个检查点和Database的检查点信息一致。
thread:1 rba:(0x8.2.10) enabled threads: 01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |
第三段
*************************************************************************** LOG FILE RECORDS *************************************************************************** (size = 72, compat size = 72, section max = 16, section in-use = 3, last-recid= 6, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0) (extent = 1, blkno = 10, numrecs = 16) LOG FILE #1: (name #3) +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_1.261.683896043 Thread 1 redo log links: forward: 2 backward: 0 siz: 0x19000 seq: 0x00000006 hws: 0x6 bsz: 512 nab: 0x92aa flg: 0x1 dup: 1 Archive links: fwrd: 0 back: 0 Prev scn: 0x0000.0008e394 Low scn: 0x0000.00096e74 04/14/2009 12:57:09 Next scn: 0x0000.0009de44 04/17/2009 15:17:12 LOG FILE #2: (name #2) +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_2.262.683896043 Thread 1 redo log links: forward: 3 backward: 1 siz: 0x19000 seq: 0x00000008 hws: 0x2 bsz: 512 nab: 0xffffffff flg: 0x8 dup: 1 Archive links: fwrd: 0 back: 0 Prev scn: 0x0000.0009de44 Low scn: 0x0000.000a326b 04/17/2009 15:59:48 Next scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 01/01/1988 00:00:00
日志文件中的first scn和next scn,当前文件的next scn为无穷大
LOG FILE #3: (name #1) +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_3.263.683896045 Thread 1 redo log links: forward: 0 backward: 2 siz: 0x19000 seq: 0x00000007 hws: 0x5 bsz: 512 nab: 0xa8c flg: 0x1 dup: 1 Archive links: fwrd: 0 back: 0 Prev scn: 0x0000.00096e74 Low scn: 0x0000.0009de44 04/17/2009 15:17:12 Next scn: 0x0000.000a326b 04/17/2009 15:59:48 |
第四段
***************************************************************************
DATA FILE RECORDS *************************************************************************** (size = 428, compat size = 428, section max = 100, section in-use = 4, last-recid= 7, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0) (extent = 1, blkno = 11, numrecs = 100) DATA FILE #1: (name #7) +DISKGROUP1/ora/datafile/system.256.683895993 creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=7 tail=7 dup=1 tablespace 0, index=1 krfil=1 prev_file=0 unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 Checkpoint cnt:63 scn: 0x0000.000a326c 04/17/2009 15:59:49 Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 04/17/2009 15:57:34
checkpoint cnt号:checkpoint的次数
scn:为Datafile Checkpoint scn
stop scn当数据库正常打开时
这个值被设为无穷大。 Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00000008 12/19/2006 04:17:12 thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0) |
数据文件dump
DATA FILE #1:
(name #7) +DISKGROUP1/ora/datafile/system.256.683895993 creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=7 tail=7 dup=1 tablespace 0, index=1 krfil=1 prev_file=0 unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 Checkpoint cnt:63 scn: 0x0000.000a326c 04/17/2009 15:59:49 Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 04/17/2009 15:57:34 Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00000008 12/19/2006 04:17:12 thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0) enabled threads: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 Hot Backup end marker scn: 0x0000.00000000 aux_file is NOT DEFINED V10 STYLE. FILEHEADER (header前面的信息来自控制文件,后面的来自数据文件头部) Compatibility Vsn = 169870080=0xa200300 Db ID=1302124456=0x4d9cd7a8, Db Name='ORA' Activation ID=0=0x0 Control Seq=457=0x1c9, File size=61440=0xf000 File Number=1, Blksiz=8192, File Type=3 DATA Tablespace #0 - SYSTEM rel_fn:1 Creation at scn: 0x0000.00000008 12/19/2006 04:17:12 Backup taken at scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 thread:0 reset logs count:0x28c36cea scn: 0x0000.00089d08 reset logs terminal rcv data:0x0 scn: 0x0000.00000000 prev reset logs count:0x245542b5 scn: 0x0000.00000001 prev reset logs terminal rcv data:0x0 scn: 0x0000.00000000 recovered at 04/17/2009 15:59:47 status:0x2004 root dba:0x00400179 chkpt cnt: 63 ctl cnt:62
datafile cnt号和control file cnt号
begin-hot-backup file size: 0 Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.000a326c 04/17/2009 15:59:49 thread:1 rba:(0x8.2.10) |
日志文件dump文件
DUMP OF REDO FROM FILE '+DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_2.262.683896043'
Opcodes *.* RBAs: 0x000000.00000000.0000 thru 0xffffffff.ffffffff.ffff SCNs: scn: 0x0000.00000000 thru scn: 0xffff.ffffffff Times: creation thru eternity FILE HEADER: Compatibility Vsn = 169870080=0xa200300 Db ID=1302124456=0x4d9cd7a8, Db Name='ORA' Activation ID=1302138531=0x4d9d0ea3 Control Seq=457=0x1c9, File size=102400=0x19000 File Number=2, Blksiz=512, File Type=2 LOG descrip:"Thread 0001, Seq# 0000000008, SCN 0x0000000a326b-0xffffffffffff" thread: 1 nab: 0xffffffff seq: 0x00000008 hws: 0x2 eot: 1 dis: 0 resetlogs count: 0x28c36cea scn: 0x0000.00089d08 (564488) resetlogs terminal rcv count: 0x0 scn: 0x0000.00000000 prev resetlogs count: 0x245542b5 scn: 0x0000.00000001 (1) prev resetlogs terminal rcv count: 0x0 scn: 0x0000.00000000 Low scn: 0x0000.000a326b (668267) 04/17/2009 15:59:48 Next scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 01/01/1988 00:00:00
与控制文件中对应的low scn和next scn Enabled scn: 0x0000.00089d08 (564488) 04/11/2009 11:07:22 Thread closed scn: 0x0000.000a326b (668267) 04/17/2009 15:59:48 Disk cksum: 0x5f9b Calc cksum: 0x5f9b Terminal recovery stop scn: 0x0000.00000000 Terminal recovery 01/01/1988 00:00:00 |
Alter session set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level 10'; |
获得处于current状态的日子文件
SQL> select l.STATUS,lf.member from v$log l,v$logfile lf where l.GROUP#=lf.GROUP#;
STATUS ---------------- MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INACTIVE +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_3.263.683896045 CURRENT +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_2.262.683896043 INACTIVE +DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_1.261.683896043
|
打开一个新的session
Dump日志文件
注意:
在每次dump文件后都要重新打开一个session才能重新dump下一个文件,在dump文件后用
SELECT d.VALUE || '/' || LOWER (RTRIM (i.INSTANCE, CHR (0))) || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.trc' trace_file_name FROM (SELECT p.spid FROM v$mystat m, v$session s, v$process p WHERE m.statistic# = 1 AND s.SID = m.SID AND p.addr = s.paddr) p, (SELECT t.INSTANCE FROM v$thread t, v$parameter v WHERE v.NAME = 'thread' AND (v.VALUE = 0 OR t.thread# = TO_NUMBER (v.VALUE))) i, (SELECT VALUE FROM v$parameter WHERE NAME = 'user_dump_dest') d / |
Alter system dump logfile '+DISKGROUP1/ora/onlinelog/group_2.262.683896043'; |
select group#,thread#,sequence#,first_change# from v$log; |
归档重做日志
select NAME,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from v$archived_log; |
SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database; |
- Controlfile checkpoint SCN(增量检查点更新的scn)
- Redo checkpoint scn(redo进程记录的检查点信息和Database checkpoint SCN 是一致的)