numpy.fromfunction

来自Numpy中文官网
fromfunction
fromfile

numpy.fromfunction

numpy.fromfunction(function, shape, *, dtype=<class ‘float’>, **kwargs)
【Construct an array by executing a function over each coordinate.
The resulting array therefore has a value fn(x, y, z) at
coordinate (x, y, z).】
利用一个function，来建立一个array(想到了lambda)

Parameters：

• function：callable
  The function is called with N parameters, where N is
  the rank of shape. Each parameter represents the coordinates of the
  array varying along a specific axis. For example, if shape were (2,
  2), then the parameters would be array([[0, 0], [1, 1]]) and
  array([[0, 1], [0, 1]])
  设array的size为N，则这N个下标上的值，由下标自己生成
  比如二维array第一个元素的下标为[0,0]，function是 lambda i，j:i + j,则这个元素的值是0+0=0，以此类推

• shape(N,) tuple of ints
  Shape of the output array, which also
  determines the shape of the coordinate arrays passed to function.
  决定array的shape，元组型式

• dtypedata-type, optional
  Data-type of the coordinate arrays passed to
  function. By default, dtype is float.
  数据类型，默认为float

Examples

np.fromfunction(lambda i, j: i == j, (3, 3), dtype=int)
array([[ True, False, False],
       [False,  True, False],
       [False, False,  True]])

np.fromfunction(lambda i, j: i + j, (3, 3), dtype=int)
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [1, 2, 3],
       [2, 3, 4]])

numpy.fromfile

numpy.fromfile(file, dtype=float, count=-1, sep=’’, offset=0)
【Construct an array from data in a text or binary file.A highly efficient way of reading binary data with a known data-type, as well as parsing simply formatted text files. Data written using the tofile method can be read using this function.】
从一个文档，或一个二进制文件读取数据来创建array。作为一个已知数据类型情况下，读取二进制数据的高效方法，它也可以解析简单的格式化文件。用tofile方法写入的数据可以用这个function来读取
Parameters

• file:file or str or Path
  Open file object or filename.Changed in version 1.17.0: pathlib.Path objects are now
  accepted.
  文件名

• dtype:data-type
  Data type of the returned array.
  For binary files, it is used to determine the size and byte-order of the items in the file. Most builtin numeric types are supported and extension types may be supported.New in version 1.18.0: Complex dtypes.
  对于二进制文件，它被用来定义大小，以及文件的中元素的字节顺序。大多数写入的数字类型可被支持，延伸的类型也可能被支持(看不懂)

• count:int
  Number of items to read
  -1 means all items (i.e., the complete file).
  -1代表读取全部

• sep:str
  Separator between items if file is a text file. Empty (“”) separator means the file should be treated as binary. Spaces (” “) in the separator match zero or more whitespace characters. A separator consisting only of spaces must match at least one whitespace.
  如果是一个text文件，则可用于元素之间的分割。"“表示这个文件应该被当作是二进制文件。” "能够匹配0个或者多个空白字符。一个仅有空格组成的分隔符必须配对至少一个空格。

• offset:int
  The offset (in bytes) from the file’s current position. Defaults to 0. Only permitted for binary files.New in version 1.17.0.
  偏差，默认为0

Notes: Do not rely on the combination of tofile and fromfile for data storage, as the binary files generated are not platform independent. In particular, no byte-order or data-type information is saved. Data can be stored in the platform independent .npy format using save and load instead.
不要结合使用tofile和fromfile来数据存储，因为生成的二进制文件没有平台独立性。特别的，无字节顺序的或者没有数据类型的信息可以被存储。数据也可以 以.npy后缀存储，使用save和load function
Examples: Construct an ndarray:

# 自定义类型
dt = np.dtype([('time', [('min', np.int64), ('sec', np.int64)]),
                ('temp', float)])
x = np.zeros((1,), dtype=dt)
x['time']['min'] = 10; x['temp'] = 98.25
x:array([((10, 0), 98.25)],
      dtype=[('time', [('min', '<i8'), ('sec', '<i8')]), ('temp', '<f8')])
#niu bi a 
#Save the raw data to disk
import tempfile
fname = tempfile.mkstemp()[1]   # 这啥
x.tofile(fname) # 存储至fname中
#Read the raw data from disk:
np.fromfile(fname, dtype=dt)  # 已知类型为dt，从fname中读取
array([((10, 0), 98.25)],  # 得到
      dtype=[('time', [('min', '<i8'), ('sec', '<i8')]), ('temp', '<f8')])
#The recommended way to store and load data:   # 推荐的方法，通过save，load(文件名+".npy")
np.save(fname, x)
np.load(fname + '.npy')
array([((10, 0), 98.25)],
      dtype=[('time', [('min', '<i8'), ('sec', '<i8')]), ('temp', '<f8')])