task2_数据分析_hisplot的用法-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jona1987/article/details/114992170

载入各种数据科学与可视化库

#导入warnings包，利用过滤器来实现忽略警告语句。
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import missingno as msno
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

载入训练集和测试集

#导入训练集train.csv
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame, Series
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Train_data = pd.read_csv('train.csv')

#导入测试集testA.csv
Test_data = pd.read_csv('testA.csv')

观察数据

#观察train首尾数据
Train_data.head().append(Train_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals	label
0	0	0.9912297987616655,0.9435330436439665,0.764677...	0.0
1	1	0.9714822034884503,0.9289687459588268,0.572932...	0.0
2	2	1.0,0.9591487564065292,0.7013782792997189,0.23...	2.0
3	3	0.9757952826275774,0.9340884687738161,0.659636...	0.0
4	4	0.0,0.055816398940721094,0.26129357194994196,0...	2.0
99995	99995	1.0,0.677705342021188,0.22239242747868546,0.25...	0.0
99996	99996	0.9268571578157265,0.9063471198026871,0.636993...	2.0
99997	99997	0.9258351628306013,0.5873839035878395,0.633226...	3.0
99998	99998	1.0,0.9947621698382489,0.8297017704865509,0.45...	2.0
99999	99999	0.9259994004527861,0.916476635326053,0.4042900...	0.0

#观察train数据集的行列信息
Train_data.shape

(100000, 3)

#观察Test_data首尾数据
Test_data.head().append(Test_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals
0	100000	0.9915713654170097,1.0,0.6318163407681274,0.13...
1	100001	0.6075533139615096,0.5417083883163654,0.340694...
2	100002	0.9752726292239277,0.6710965234906665,0.686758...
3	100003	0.9956348033996116,0.9170249621481004,0.521096...
4	100004	1.0,0.8879490481178918,0.745564725322326,0.531...
19995	119995	1.0,0.8330283177934747,0.6340472606311671,0.63...
19996	119996	1.0,0.8259705825857048,0.4521053488322387,0.08...
19997	119997	0.951744840752379,0.9162611283848351,0.6675251...
19998	119998	0.9276692903808186,0.6771898159607004,0.242906...
19999	119999	0.6653212231837624,0.527064114047737,0.5166625...

#观察Test_data数据集的行列信息
Test_data.shape

(20000, 2)

#总览数据概况:相关统计量
Train_data.describe()

	id	label
count	100000.000000	100000.000000
mean	49999.500000	0.856960
std	28867.657797	1.217084
min	0.000000	0.000000
25%	24999.750000	0.000000
50%	49999.500000	0.000000
75%	74999.250000	2.000000
max	99999.000000	3.000000

#获取train数据类型
Train_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 100000 entries, 0 to 99999
Data columns (total 3 columns):
 #   Column             Non-Null Count   Dtype  
---  ------             --------------   -----  
 0   id                 100000 non-null  int64  
 1   heartbeat_signals  100000 non-null  object 
 2   label              100000 non-null  float64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 2.3+ MB

Train_data.info

<bound method DataFrame.info of           id                                  heartbeat_signals  label
0          0  0.9912297987616655,0.9435330436439665,0.764677...    0.0
1          1  0.9714822034884503,0.9289687459588268,0.572932...    0.0
2          2  1.0,0.9591487564065292,0.7013782792997189,0.23...    2.0
3          3  0.9757952826275774,0.9340884687738161,0.659636...    0.0
4          4  0.0,0.055816398940721094,0.26129357194994196,0...    2.0
...      ...                                                ...    ...
99995  99995  1.0,0.677705342021188,0.22239242747868546,0.25...    0.0
99996  99996  0.9268571578157265,0.9063471198026871,0.636993...    2.0
99997  99997  0.9258351628306013,0.5873839035878395,0.633226...    3.0
99998  99998  1.0,0.9947621698382489,0.8297017704865509,0.45...    2.0
99999  99999  0.9259994004527861,0.916476635326053,0.4042900...    0.0

[100000 rows x 3 columns]>

#判断数据缺失和异常
Train_data.isnull().sum()

id                   0
heartbeat_signals    0
label                0
dtype: int64

#了解预测值的分布
Train_data.label

0        0.0
1        0.0
2        2.0
3        0.0
4        2.0
        ... 
99995    0.0
99996    2.0
99997    3.0
99998    2.0
99999    0.0
Name: label, Length: 100000, dtype: float64

Train_data.label.value_counts()

0.0    64327
3.0    17912
2.0    14199
1.0     3562
Name: label, dtype: int64

## 1) 总体分布概况（无界约翰逊分布等）
import scipy.stats as st
y = Train_data['label']
plt.figure(1); plt.title('Default')
sns.distplot(y, rug=True, bins=20) 
# seaborn.distplot() 直方图，质量估计图，核密度估计图
#hist=True:表示要绘制直方图(默认情况为True)，若为False，则不绘制
#kde=True:表示要绘制核密度估计图(默认情况为True),若为False,则绘制
# seaborn.distplot(a, bins=None, hist=True, 
#                  kde=True, rug=False, fit=None, 
#                  hist_kws=None, kde_kws=None, rug_kws=None,
#                  fit_kws=None, color=None, vertical=False,
#                  norm_hist=False, axlabel=None,
#                  label=None, ax=None)
# 参数解读：
# a: Series, 一维数组或列表，要输入的数据，如果设置name属性，则该名称将用于标记数据轴；

# 以下是可选参数:
# bins: matplotlib hist()的参数 或者 None，作用：指定直方图规格，若为None，则使用Freedman-Diaconis规则,该规则对数据中的离群值不太敏感，可能更适用于重尾分布的数据。
# 它使用 bin 大小  
# [2∗IQR(X(:))∗numel(X)(−1/4),2∗IQR(Y(:))∗numel(Y)(−1/4)][2∗IQR(X(:))∗numel(X)(−1/4),2∗IQR(Y(:))∗numel(Y)(−1/4)] ，其中 IQR 为四分位差。

# hist:bool
# 是否绘制(标准化)直方图

# kde:bool
# 是否绘制高斯核密度估计图
# rug:bool
# 是否在支撑轴上绘制rugplot()图
# {hist，kde，rug，fit} _kws：字典
# 底层绘图函数的关键字参数
# color:matplotlib color
# 该颜色可以绘制除了拟合曲线之外的所有内容
# vertical:bool
# 如果为True,则观察值在y轴上，即水平横向的显示
plt.figure(2); plt.title('Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.norm)
plt.figure(3); plt.title('Log Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.lognorm)

<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'Log Normal'}, xlabel='label'>

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# 2）查看skewness and kurtosis
sns.distplot(Train_data['label']);
print("Skewness: %f" % Train_data['label'].skew())
print("Kurtosis: %f" % Train_data['label'].kurt())

Skewness: 0.871005
Kurtosis: -1.009573

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Train_data.skew(), Train_data.kurt()

(id       0.000000
 label    0.871005
 dtype: float64,
 id      -1.200000
 label   -1.009573
 dtype: float64)

sns.distplot(Train_data.kurt(),color='orange',axlabel ='Kurtness')

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='Kurtness', ylabel='Density'>

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print(Train_data.label.value_counts())
## 3) 查看预测值的具体频数
plt.hist(Train_data['label'], orientation = 'vertical',histtype = 'bar', color ='red')
plt.show()

0.0    64327
3.0    17912
2.0    14199
1.0     3562
Name: label, dtype: int64

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用pandas_profiling生成数据报告

import pandas_profiling
pfr = pandas_profiling.ProfileReport(Train_data)
pfr.to_file("example.html")

HBox(children=(HTML(value='Summarize dataset'), FloatProgress(value=0.0, max=16.0), HTML(value='')))






HBox(children=(HTML(value='Generate report structure'), FloatProgress(value=0.0, max=1.0), HTML(value='')))






HBox(children=(HTML(value='Render HTML'), FloatProgress(value=0.0, max=1.0), HTML(value='')))






HBox(children=(HTML(value='Export report to file'), FloatProgress(value=0.0, max=1.0), HTML(value='')))