一、概述
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于ECMAScript的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式, 易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成(一般用于提升网络传输速率)。
二、语法规则
(1)、JSON 语法是 JavaScript 对象表示语法的子集。
- 数据在键值对中
- 数据由逗号分隔
- 花括号保存对象
- 方括号保存数组
例如:
JSON 数据的书写格式是:名称/值对
名称/值对组合中的名称写在前面(在双引号中),值对写在后面(同样在双引号中),中间用冒号隔开:
"firstName":"John"
(2)、JSON 值可以是:
- 数字(整数或浮点数)
- 字符串(在双引号中)
- 逻辑值(true 或 false)
- 数组(在方括号中)
- 对象(在花括号中)
- null
三、JSON的两种结构
JSON有两种表示结构,对象和数组。
(1)、对象结构以”{”大括号开始,以”}”大括号结束。中间部分由0或多个以”,”分隔的”key(关键字)/value(值)”对构成,关键字和值之间以”:”分隔,语法结构如代码。
<code class="hljs r has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> { key1:value1, key2:value2, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span> }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
(2)、数组结构以”[”开始,”]”结束。中间由0或多个以”,”分隔的值列表组成,语法结构如代码。
<code class="hljs ini has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">[ { key1:value1, key2:value2 }, { key3:value3, key4:value4 } ]</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
下面我们开始学习Json数据的解析。首先我们下载gson.jar包,然后导入Android Studio中,注意,要在module的gradle文件中添加:
<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> compile <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">files</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'libs/gson-2.3.0.jar'</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
我们需要明白三个类:Gson、JsonObject、JsonArray。
(1)、Gson类:
Gson是一个工具类,需要使用gson.jar包,使用很简单,用于将Json字符串的转换。主要的两个方法:
- toJson()
- fromJson()
例如:
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ObjectToJson</span>(Object <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span>){ Gson gson = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Gson(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> gson.toJson(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">object</span>); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
通过这两个方法,可以将我们的对象实体转换成键值对的json字符串。
(2)、JsonObject类:
json对象,就是一个键对应一个值,使用的是大括号{ },如:{key:value}
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">{"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">author</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">price</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span></span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
常用方法:
(1)、构造方法:
- public JSONObject(String json) throws JSONException:将json字符串转换成JSONObject对象
- public JSONObject(Map copyFrom):由一个Map集合内容构成一个JSONObject对象。
(2)普通方法:
- public int length():返回JSONObject中有多少对键值对
- JSONObject put(String name, **) throws JSONException:向JSONObject中填充键值对。
- get():用于获取里面的键值对值
- JSONArray getJSONArray(String name):获取JSONObject中key对应的JSONArray对象。
例如:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"author"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"price"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
(3)、JsonArray类:
JsonObject数组,使用中括号[ ]包含。
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> [{"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">author</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">price</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span></span>}]</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
常用方法:
(1)、构造方法:
- JSONArray():无参构造方法,生成一个对象
- public JSONArray(Collection copyFrom):从Collection集合生成对象
- public JSONArray(String json) throws JSONException:从json字符串生成对象
- put(Object):向JSONArray中添加值
- put(int ,object):在jsonarray指定下标位置添加值。
- get(int):根绝指定下标获取值
例如:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(jsonObject)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> Log<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.d</span>(TAG,jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.toString</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
实例,大家可以自己写几个试试,我们现在写个小demo,随便看看
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"author"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"price"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(jsonObject)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1314</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(true)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> Log<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.d</span>(TAG,jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.toString</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
输入结果:
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> [{"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">author</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">price</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span></span>},<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1314</span>,<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
我们在看下面:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"author"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonObject<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"price"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(jsonObject)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1314</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(true)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"在1的位置添加"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span> Log<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.d</span>(TAG,jsonArray<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.toString</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"> </li></ul>
看看输出结果:
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> [{"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">author</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"何红辉、关爱民"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">price</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"79.0"</span></span>,"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>":<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Android源码设计模式解析与实战"</span></span>},<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"在1的位置添加"</span>,<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>]</code>