汽水瓶，字符串加解密， 整数与IP地址间的转换，统计字符

汽水瓶：

while True:
    try:
        n = int(input())
        if n==0:
            break
        a = n
        cnt=0
        while n>1:
            a = n//3 # 此时的a是新增的可以喝的汽水瓶数
            cnt+=a
            b = n%3 # 此时是余下的汽水瓶数
            n = a+b
            # if n<3:
            # 只有剩下2个的时候
            if n==2:
                # cnt加一
                cnt+=1
                break
        print(cnt)
    except:
        break

字符串加解密：

while True:
    try:
        res1 = []
        res2 = []
        lst1 = list(input())
        lst2 = list(input())
        def encode(lst):
            for i in lst:
                if i.isdigit():
                    res1.append(str((int(i)+1)%10)) # 9+1->0
                if i.isalpha():
                    if i.islower():
                        char = chr(ord(i)+1) if ord(i)+1<123 else "a"
                        res1.append(char.upper())
                    else:
                        char = chr(ord(i)+1) if ord(i)+1<91 else "A"
                        res1.append(char.lower())
            return "".join(res1)
        def decode(lst):
            for i in lst:
                if i.isdigit():
                    res2.append(str((int(i)-1)%10)) # 1-1
                if i.isalpha():
                    if i.islower():
                        char = chr(ord(i)-1) if ord(i)-1>96 else "z"
                        res2.append(char.upper())
                    else:
                        char = chr(ord(i)-1) if ord(i)-1>64 else "Z"
                        res2.append(char.lower())
            return "".join(res2)
        print(encode(lst1))
        print(decode(lst2))
    except:
        break

整数与IP地址间的转换：

while True:
    try:
        # ip to num
        ip = input()
        ip_list = ip.split(".") # ["10","0","3","193"]
        ip2num = str()
        for i in ip_list:
            # bin()返回的是字符串
            a = bin(int(i))[2:] # 把"0b"去掉
            a = "0"*(8-len(a))+a if len(a)<8 else a 
            ip2num +=a
        # 将二进制转换为十进制
        print(int(ip2num,2))
        # num to ip
        num = input()
        num2ip = []
        num2 = bin(int(num))[2:]
        num2 = "0"*(32-len(num2))+num2 if len(num2)<32 else num2
        for i in range(4):
            b = num2[8*i:8*(i+1)]
            # int(a, 2/8/10/16) 将2进制/8进制/10进制/16进制数a转换为十进制数
            b = str(int(b,2))
            num2ip.append(b)
        print(".".join(num2ip))
    except:
        break

统计字符：

from collections import Counter
while True:
    try:
        a  = input()
        cnt = Counter(a)
        cnt_item = cnt.items()
        a,b,c,d = 0,0,0,0
        for item, num in cnt_item:
            if item==" ":
                b+=num
            elif item.isalpha():
                a+=num
            elif item.isdigit():
                c+=num
            else:
                d+=num
        print(a)
        print(b)
        print(c)
        print(d)
    except:
        break