Docker学习笔记-lmc
1.帮助命令
docker version #docker版本信息
docker info #系统级别的信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令--help #查看某个命令的文档
2.镜像命令
查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库
TAG # 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID # 镜像的ID
CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
SIZE # 镜像的大小
# 可选项
--all , -a # 列出所有镜像
--quiet , -q # 只显示镜像的id
docker search 查找镜像
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 719 [OK]
# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜素出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
Docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像，docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete # 分层下载，dockerimages的核心，联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete
894f9792565a: Pull complete
1d8a57523420: Pull complete
6c676912929f: Pull complete
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete
fff872988aba: Pull complete
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete
7886ee20621e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists
8254623a9871: Already exists
938e3e06dac4: Already exists
ea28ebf28884: Already exists
f3cef38785c2: Already exists
894f9792565a: Already exists
1d8a57523420: Already exists
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete
d398726627fd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
# 查看本地镜像
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 718a6da099d8 6 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 6 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
3.容器命令
说明： 我们有了镜像才可创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name=“Name” 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@74e82b7980e7 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@77969f5dcbf9 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# ls
bin dev fanfan lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出正在运行的容器包括历史容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示当前容器的编号
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
77969f5dcbf9 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago xenodochial_bose
74e82b7980e7 centos "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago silly_cori
a57250395804 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_nash
392d674f4f18 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 8 hours ago Exited (0) 8 hours ago distracted_mcnulty
571d1bc0e8e8 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 23 hours ago Exited (0) 23 hours ago magical_burnell
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps -qa
77969f5dcbf9
74e82b7980e7
a57250395804
392d674f4f18
571d1bc0e8e8
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并关闭
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不关闭退出
删除容器
docker rm -f 容器id # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f # 删除所有的容器
#删除镜像时可能有容器正在运行，需要先docker stop containerid 再rm containerid 再 rmi imageid
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前的容器
4.常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker run -d centos
# 问题 docker ps， 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑， docker 容器使用后台运行， 就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx， 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 1 8d1621e09bff
2020-08-11T10:53:15.987702897Z [root@8d1621e09bff /]# exit # 日志输出
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiaofan;sleep 1;done"
a0d580a21251da97bc050763cf2d5692a455c228fa2a711c3609872008e654c2
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a0d580a21251 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 1 second lucid_black
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251
查看容器中进程信息ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker top df358bc06b17
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 28498 28482 0 19:38 ?
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker inspect df358bc06b17
[
{
"Id": "df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3",
"Created": "2020-08-11T11:38:34.935048603Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 28498,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-08-11T11:38:35.216616071Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3-json.log",
"Name": "/hungry_heisenberg",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/62926d498bd9d1a6684bb2f9920fb77a2f88896098e66ef93c4b74fcb19f29b6/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "df358bc06b17",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "4822f9ac2058e8415ebefbfa73f05424fe20cc8280a5720ad3708fa6e80cdb08",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4822f9ac2058",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "30d6017888627cb565618b1639fecf8fc97e1ae4df5a9fd5ddb046d8fb02b565",
"EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器使用后台方式运行的， 需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Aug11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 0 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 43 29 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器中拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的地主机路径
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ /]# docker cp 7af535f807e0:/home/Test.java /home
保存容器，提交成新的镜像
docker commit 容器id 容器名:容器说明
docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的版本
# 命令和git 原理类似
docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名：[TAG]
docker commit -a="xiaofan" -m="add webapps app" d798a5946c1f tomcat007:1.0
5.容器数据卷
直接使用命令来挂载 -v
docker run -it -v 主机目录：容器目录
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
具名挂载和匿名挂载
# 如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载，还是指定路径挂载！
-v 容器内路径 # 匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 # 具名挂载
-v /主机路径:容器内路径 # 指定路径挂载
# 匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径
docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx # -P 随机指定端口
# 查看所有volume的情况
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 561b81a03506f31d45ada3f9fb7bd8d7c9b5e0f826c877221a17e45d4c80e096
local 36083fb6ca083005094cbd49572a0bffeec6daadfbc5ce772909bb00be760882
# 这里发现，这种情况就是匿名挂载，我们在-v 后面只写了容器内的路径，没有写容器外的路径！
# 具名挂载
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
26da1ec7d4994c76e80134d24d82403a254a4e1d84ec65d5f286000105c3da17
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
26da1ec7d499 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx02
486de1da03cb nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx01
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 561b81a03506f31d45ada3f9fb7bd8d7c9b5e0f826c877221a17e45d4c80e096
local 36083fb6ca083005094cbd49572a0bffeec6daadfbc5ce772909bb00be760882
local juming-nginx
# 通过-v 卷名：容器内的路径
# 查看一下这个卷
# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2020-08-12T18:15:21+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
拓展
# 通过 -v 容器内容路径 ro rw 改变读写权限
ro readonly # 只读
rw readwrite # 可读可写
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx
# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作，容器内容无法操作
结论
容器之间配置信息的传递， 数据卷容器的声明周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止。
但是一旦你持久化到了本地，这个时候，本地的数据是不会删除的！
6.DockFile
DockerFile： 构建文件， 定义了一切的步骤，源代码
DockerImages： 通过DockerFile构建生成的镜像， 最终发布和运行的产品！
Docker容器：容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务器
FROM # 基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER # 镜像是谁写的， 姓名+邮箱
RUN # 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD # 步骤， tomcat镜像， 这个tomcat压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 挂载的目录
EXPOSE # 保留端口配置
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令， 可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承DockerFile 这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指令，触发指令
COPY # 类似ADD, 将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # 构建的时候设置环境变量！
CMD和ENTRYPOINT区别
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令， 可以追加命令
构建镜像
docker build -t dockfile .
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