LeetCode 399. 除法求值
一、题目详情
原题链接:399. 除法求值
给你一个变量对数组 equations
和一个实数值数组 values
作为已知条件,其中 equations[i] = [Ai, Bi]
和 values[i]
共同表示等式 Ai / Bi = values[i]
。每个 Ai
或 Bi
是一个表示单个变量的字符串。
另有一些以数组 queries
表示的问题,其中 queries[j] = [Cj, Dj]
表示第 j
个问题,请你根据已知条件找出 Cj / Dj = ?
的结果作为答案。
返回 所有问题的答案 。如果存在某个无法确定的答案,则用 -1.0
替代这个答案。如果问题中出现了给定的已知条件中没有出现的字符串,也需要用 -1.0
替代这个答案。
**注意:**输入总是有效的。你可以假设除法运算中不会出现除数为 0 的情况,且不存在任何矛盾的结果。
示例 1:
输入:equations = [["a","b"],["b","c"]], values = [2.0,3.0], queries = [["a","c"],["b","a"],["a","e"],["a","a"],["x","x"]]
输出:[6.00000,0.50000,-1.00000,1.00000,-1.00000]
解释:
条件:a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0
问题:a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ?
结果:[6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ]
示例 2:
输入:equations = [["a","b"],["b","c"],["bc","cd"]], values = [1.5,2.5,5.0], queries = [["a","c"],["c","b"],["bc","cd"],["cd","bc"]]
输出:[3.75000,0.40000,5.00000,0.20000]
示例 3:
输入:equations = [["a","b"]], values = [0.5], queries = [["a","b"],["b","a"],["a","c"],["x","y"]]
输出:[0.50000,2.00000,-1.00000,-1.00000]
提示:
1 <= equations.length <= 20
equations[i].length == 2
1 <= Ai.length, Bi.length <= 5
values.length == equations.length
0.0 < values[i] <= 20.0
1 <= queries.length <= 20
queries[i].length == 2
1 <= Cj.length, Dj.length <= 5
Ai, Bi, Cj, Dj
由小写英文字母与数字组成
二、并查集法
public class Solution {
public double[] calcEquation(List<List<String>> equations, double[] values, List<List<String>> queries) {
int equationsSize = equations.size();
UnionFind unionFind = new UnionFind(2 * equationsSize);
// 第 1 步:预处理,将变量的值与 id 进行映射,使得并查集的底层使用数组实现,方便编码
Map<String, Integer> hashMap = new HashMap<>(2 * equationsSize);
int id = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < equationsSize; i++) {
List<String> equation = equations.get(i);
String var1 = equation.get(0);
String var2 = equation.get(1);
if (!hashMap.containsKey(var1)) {
hashMap.put(var1, id);
id++;
}
if (!hashMap.containsKey(var2)) {
hashMap.put(var2, id);
id++;
}
unionFind.union(hashMap.get(var1), hashMap.get(var2), values[i]);
}
// 第 2 步:做查询
int queriesSize = queries.size();
double[] res = new double[queriesSize];
for (int i = 0; i < queriesSize; i++) {
String var1 = queries.get(i).get(0);
String var2 = queries.get(i).get(1);
Integer id1 = hashMap.get(var1);
Integer id2 = hashMap.get(var2);
if (id1 == null || id2 == null) {
res[i] = -1.0d;
} else {
res[i] = unionFind.isConnected(id1, id2);
}
}
return res;
}
private class UnionFind {
private int[] parent;
/**
* 指向的父结点的权值
*/
private double[] weight;
public UnionFind(int n) {
this.parent = new int[n];
this.weight = new double[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
parent[i] = i;
weight[i] = 1.0d;
}
}
public void union(int x, int y, double value) {
int rootX = find(x);
int rootY = find(y);
if (rootX == rootY) {
return;
}
parent[rootX] = rootY;
// 关系式的推导请见「参考代码」下方的示意图
weight[rootX] = weight[y] * value / weight[x];
}
/**
* 路径压缩
*
* @param x
* @return 根结点的 id
*/
public int find(int x) {
if (x != parent[x]) {
int origin = parent[x];
parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
weight[x] *= weight[origin];
}
return parent[x];
}
public double isConnected(int x, int y) {
int rootX = find(x);
int rootY = find(y);
if (rootX == rootY) {
return weight[x] / weight[y];
} else {
return -1.0d;
}
}
}
}