Effective Java学习笔记---------创建和销毁对象

用静态工厂方法替代构造器(各有用处)

构造器方法

package codeTemplate.effectiveJava.bean;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Setter
@Getter
public class Fruit {

    private  String color;
    private  String shape;
    private  int price;

    public Fruit(String color, String shape, int price) {
        this.color = color;
        this.shape = shape;
        this.price = price;
    }
    
    public Fruit() {
    }
}

静态工厂方法（可以起不同的函数名表示要创建怎样的对象）

package codeTemplate.effectiveJava.bean;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Setter
@Getter
public class Fruit {

    private  String color;
    private  String shape;
    private  int price;

    private Fruit() {
    }

    public Fruit newInstance(String color, String shape, int price) {
        Fruit fruit = new Fruit();
        fruit.setColor(color);
        fruit.setShape(shape);
        fruit.setPrice(price);
        return fruit;
    }

    public Fruit newFruitWithShape(String color, String shape, int price) {
        Fruit fruit = new Fruit();
        fruit.setShape(shape);
        return fruit;
    }

}

遇到多个构造器参数时考虑使用构造器

package codeTemplate.effectiveJava.bean;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Setter
@Getter
public class Fruit {

    private String color;
    private String shape;
    private int price;

    public Fruit(Builder builder) {
        this.color = builder.color;
        this.shape = builder.shape;
        this.price = builder.price;
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private String color;
        private String shape;
        private int price;

        public Builder() {
        }

        public Builder setShape(String shape) {
            this.shape = shape;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setColor(String color) {
            this.color = color;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setPrice(int price) {
            this.price = price;
            return this;
        }

        public Fruit build() {
            return new Fruit(this);
        }
    }
}

用私有构造器或者枚举类强化Singleton属性

枚举类的单例模式

package codeTemplate.effectiveJava.bean;

public class Singleton {
    private Singleton(){
    }
    public enum SingletonEnum {
        SINGLETON;
        private Singleton instance;
        private SingletonEnum(){
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        public Singleton getInstance(){
            return instance;
        }
    }
}

使用

public class EffectiveJavaDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton s1 = Singleton.SingletonEnum.SINGLETON.getInstance();
        Singleton s2 = Singleton.SingletonEnum.SINGLETON.getInstance();
        System.out.println(s1==s2);
    }

优先考虑依赖注入来引用资源（构造器的输入参数）

package codeTemplate.effectiveJava.tool;

public class SpellChecker {
    private final DictionaryOfI18 dictionary;
   	//dictionary为外部的资源（如字典.txt）
	public SpellChecker(DictionaryOfI18 dictionary) {
        this.dictionary = dictionary;
    }   
}

避免创建不必要的的对象（直接使用基本类型而不是它的包装类）

消除过期的对象引用

避免使用终结方式和清除方式

try-with-resource优先于try-finally