LeetCode 191:Number of 1 Bits

Write a function that takes an unsigned integer and returns the number of ’1' bits it has (also known as the Hamming weight).

For example, the 32-bit integer ’11' has binary representation 00000000000000000000000000001011, so the function should return 3.

编写函数返回一个二进制无符号数中1的个数（也被称作Hamming weight）

例如，32位的整数'11'的二进制表示为00000000000000000000000000001011，所以函数应该返回3。

还好计组中做过与位相关的实验。。。倒是没有什么难度，不过需要注意的是符号的运算顺序。。。

class Solution {
public:
    int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
        uint32_t temp=0x0001;
        int sum=0;
        while(n!=0)
        {
            
            if((temp&n)!=0) sum++;
            n>>=1;
        }
        return sum;
    }
};

这里提供一种百度到的方法。。。比我这种数1的个数的方法不知道高到哪里去了←_←

但是此种方法较慢，对于0x1ffffff的判定需要循环32次才能计算出结果，超时。 
故转换思路，举例： 
n = 0x110100 n-1 = 0x110011 n&(n - 1) = 0x110000 
n = 0x110000 n-1 = 0x101111 n&(n - 1) = 0x100000 
n = 0x100000 n-1 = 0x011111 n&(n - 1) = 0x0 
看到这里已经得到了一种新的解法，n中本来有3个1，按照此种思路只需要循环3此即可求出最终结果，比第一种暴力枚举的解法要少很多次。最终实现代码如下，AC：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><strong><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Solution {
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// you need to treat n as an unsigned value</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">hammingWeight</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> n) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> re = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> != n)
        {
            n = n&(n - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
            ++re;
        }

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> re;
    }
}</strong></code>