String类intern()实现谜团，jdk1.8下

这里先转一下网上的帖子内容：

在《深入理解Java虚拟机》书中，提到在jdk1.7的版本中用String.intern()返回引用

public class RuntimeConstantPoolOOM {
    public static void main(String[]args) {
        String str1=new StringBuilder("计算机").append("软件").toString();
        System.out.println(str1.intern()==str1);
        String str2=new StringBuilder("ja").append("va").toString();
        System.out.println(str2.intern()==str2);
    }
 
}

运行结果：true false
书中给的解释是：

JDK 1.7（以及部分其他虚拟机，例如JRockit）的intern()实现不会再复制实例，只是在常量池中记录首次出现的实例引用，因此intern()返回的引用和由StringBuilder创建的那个字符串实例是同一个。对str2比较返回false是因为“java”这个字符串在执StringBuilder.toString()之前已经出现过，字符串常量池中已经有它的引用了，不符合“首次出现”的原则，而“计算机软件”这个字符串则是首次出现的，因此返回true。
 

public class RuntimeConstantPoolOOM {
    public static void main(String[]args) {
        String str1=new StringBuilder("计算机软件").toString();
        System.out.println(str1.intern()==str1);
        String str2=new StringBuilder("ja").append("va").toString();
        System.out.println(str2.intern()==str2);
    }
 
}

我在jdk1.8中，运行例子，结果跟教程是一致的。

而换成

String str1=new StringBuilder("计算机软件").toString();

 String str1=new StringBuilder("计算机").append("软件").toString();

结果却是false。

这里并没有多大的区别，

StringBuilder的源码是这样的：

    public StringBuilder(String str) {
        super(str.length() + 16);
        append(str);
    }

 super调用父类AbstractStringBuilder是这样的，

    AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {
        value = new char[capacity];
    }

 append实现是这样的，

public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null)
            return appendNull();
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
    }

str.getChars(0, len, value, count)实现是这样的：

public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char dst[], int dstBegin) {
        if (srcBegin < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin);
        }
        if (srcEnd > value.length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd);
        }
        if (srcBegin > srcEnd) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd - srcBegin);
        }
        System.arraycopy(value, srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin);
    }

这里并没有看出增加append与不增加append有多大的区别？都是在堆中new char[]分配数组空间呀。不理解结果产生差异的窍门在哪里？

因为这样我们是看不出窍门的，必须从字节码查看；toString调用了new String函数，引用实际指向了这个String对象。

下面是intern在jvm里的实现：hotspot\src\share\vm\classfile\symbolTable.cpp

oop StringTable::intern(Handle string_or_null, jchar* name,
                        int len, TRAPS) {
  unsigned int hashValue = hash_string(name, len);
  int index = the_table()->hash_to_index(hashValue);
  oop found_string = the_table()->lookup(index, name, len, hashValue);

  // Found
  if (found_string != NULL) {
    ensure_string_alive(found_string);
    return found_string;
  }

  debug_only(StableMemoryChecker smc(name, len * sizeof(name[0])));
  assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(name),
         "proposed name of symbol must be stable");

  Handle string;
  // try to reuse the string if possible
  if (!string_or_null.is_null()) {
    string = string_or_null;
  } else {
    string = java_lang_String::create_from_unicode(name, len, CHECK_NULL);
  }

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  if (G1StringDedup::is_enabled()) {
    // Deduplicate the string before it is interned. Note that we should never
    // deduplicate a string after it has been interned. Doing so will counteract
    // compiler optimizations done on e.g. interned string literals.
    G1StringDedup::deduplicate(string());
  }
#endif

  // Grab the StringTable_lock before getting the_table() because it could
  // change at safepoint.
  oop added_or_found;
  {
    MutexLocker ml(StringTable_lock, THREAD);
    // Otherwise, add to symbol to table
    added_or_found = the_table()->basic_add(index, string, name, len,
                                  hashValue, CHECK_NULL);
  }

  ensure_string_alive(added_or_found);

  return added_or_found;
}

oop StringTable::intern(Symbol* symbol, TRAPS) {
  if (symbol == NULL) return NULL;
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  int length;
  jchar* chars = symbol->as_unicode(length);
  Handle string;
  oop result = intern(string, chars, length, CHECK_NULL);
  return result;
}


oop StringTable::intern(oop string, TRAPS)
{
  if (string == NULL) return NULL;
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  int length;
  Handle h_string (THREAD, string);
  jchar* chars = java_lang_String::as_unicode_string(string, length, CHECK_NULL);
  oop result = intern(h_string, chars, length, CHECK_NULL);
  return result;
}


oop StringTable::intern(const char* utf8_string, TRAPS) {
  if (utf8_string == NULL) return NULL;
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  int length = UTF8::unicode_length(utf8_string);
  jchar* chars = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(jchar, length);
  UTF8::convert_to_unicode(utf8_string, chars, length);
  Handle string;
  oop result = intern(string, chars, length, CHECK_NULL);
  return result;
}