Python之DataFrame数据处理
1. 说明
DataFrame是Pandas库中处理表的数据结构,可看作是python中的类似数据库的操作,是Python数据挖掘中最常用的工具。下面介绍DataFrame的一些常用方法。
1) 代码
import pandas as pd
import math
df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3],'data2':[4,5,6]})
print(df)
for idx,item in df.iterrows():
print(idx)
print(item)
2) 结果
- data1 data2 key
- 0 1 4 a
- 1 2 5 b
- 2 3 6 c
- 0
- data1 1
- data2 4
- key a
- Name: 0, dtype: object
- … 略
3. 同时遍历两个数据表
1) 代码
- import pandas as pd
- import math
- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b'],'data1':[1,2]})
- df2=pd.DataFrame({'key':['c','d'],'data2':[4,5]})
- for (idx1,item1),(idx2,item2) in zip(df1.iterrows(),df2.iterrows()):
- print("idx1",idx1)
- print(item1)
- print("idx2",idx2)
- print(item2)
2) 结果
- ('idx1', 0)
- data1 1
- key a
- Name: 0, dtype: object
- ('idx2', 0)
- data2 4
- key c
- Name: 0, dtype: object
- ('idx1', 1)
- data1 2
- key b
- Name: 1, dtype: object
- ('idx2', 1)
- data2 5
- key d
- Name: 1, dtype: object
4. 取一行或多行
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- import math
- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- df2=df1[:1]
- print(df2)
2) 结果
- data1 key
- 0 1 a
5. 取一列或多列
1) 代码
- import pandas as pd
- import math
- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- df2=pd.DataFrame()
- df2['key2']=df1['key']
- print(df2)
2) 结果
key2- 0 a
- 1 b
- 2 c
6. 列连接(横向:变宽):merge
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- df2=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data2':[4,5,6]})
- df3=pd.merge(df1,df2)
2) 结果
data1 key- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- data2 key
- 0 4 a
- 1 5 b
- 2 6 c
- data1 key data2
- 0 1 a 4
- 1 2 b 5
- 2 3 c 6
7. 行连接(纵向:变长):concat
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data':[1,2,3]})
- df2=pd.DataFrame({'key':['d','e','f'],'data':[4,5,6]})
- df3=pd.concat([df1,df2])
2) 结果
- data key
- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- data key
- 0 4 d
- 1 5 e
- 2 6 f
- data key
- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- 0 4 d
- 1 5 e
- 2 6 f
8. 对某列做简单变换
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- print(df)
- df['data1']=df['data1']+1
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 key- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- data1 key
- 0 2 a
- 1 3 b
- 2 4 c
9. 对某列做复杂变换
1) 代码
- import pandas as pd
- import math
- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- print(df)
- df['data1']=df['data1'].apply(lambda x: math.sin(x))
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 key- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- data1 key
- 0 0.841471 a
- 1 0.909297 b
- 2 0.141120 c
10. 对某列做函数处理
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- def testme(x):
- print("???",x)
- y = x + 3000
- return y
- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- print(df)
- df['data1']=df['data1'].apply(testme)
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 key- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- ('???', 1)
- ('???', 2)
- ('???', 3)
- data1 key
- 0 3001 a
- 1 3002 b
- 2 3003 c
11. 用某几列计算生成新列
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3],'data2':[4,5,6]})
- print(df)
- df['data3']=df['data1']+df['data2']
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 data2 key- 0 1 4 a
- 1 2 5 b
- 2 3 6 c
- data1 data2 key data3
- 0 1 4 a 5
- 1 2 5 b 7
- 2 3 6 c 9
12. 用某几列用函数生成新列
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- import math
- def testme(x):
- print(x['data1'],x['data2'])
- return x['data1'] + x['data2']
- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3],'data2':[4,5,6]})
- print(df)
- df['data3']=df.apply(testme, axis=1)
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 data2 key- 0 1 4 a
- 1 2 5 b
- 2 3 6 c
- (1, 4)
- (2, 5)
- (3, 6)
- data1 data2 key data3
- 0 1 4 a 5
- 1 2 5 b 7
- 2 3 6 c 9
13. 删除列
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- import math
- df=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3],'data2':[4,5,6]})
- print(df)
- df=df.drop(['data2'],axis=1)
- print(df)
2) 结果
data1 data2 key- 0 1 4 a
- 1 2 5 b
- 2 3 6 c
- data1 key
- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
14. One-Hot变换
(把一列枚举型变为多列数值型)
1) 代码
import pandas as pd- import math
- df1=pd.DataFrame({'key':['a','b','c'],'data1':[1,2,3]})
- print(df1)
- df2=pd.get_dummies(df1['key'])
- print(df2)
- df3=pd.get_dummies(df1)
- print(df3)
2) 结果
- data1 key
- 0 1 a
- 1 2 b
- 2 3 c
- a b c
- 0 1 0 0
- 1 0 1 0
- 2 0 0 1
- data1 key_a key_b key_c
- 0 1 1 0 0
- 1 2 0 1 0
- 2 3 0 0 1
15. 其它常用方法
1) 求均值方差,中位数等
df[f].describe()
2) 求均值
df[f].mean()
3) 求方差
df[f].std()
4) 清除空值
df.dropna()
5) 填充空值
df.fillna()
示例:
1、插入行
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['姓名','年龄','性别'])
print(df)
line = {'姓名':'张三','年龄':24,'性别':'男'}
df = df.append(line,ignore_index=True)
print(df)
或
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['姓名','年龄','性别'])
print(df)
line = pd.Series({'姓名':'张三','年龄':24,'性别':'男'})
df = df.append(line,ignore_index=True)
print(df)
如果是append字典,则ignore_index必须为True,如果是append Series结构,则可以设置ignore_index为False,然后设置特定的索引。
2、删除列或行
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['张三',23,'男'],['李四',24,'女'],['王五',35,'男']],columns=['姓名','年龄','性别'],index=['甲','乙','丙'])
print(df)
#inplace如果设置为False,则不会替换原有对象
df.drop(columns=['姓名','年龄'],inplace=False)
print(df)
#列删除
df.drop(columns=['姓名','年龄'],inplace=True)
print(df)
#行删除
df = pd.DataFrame([['张三',23,'男'],['李四',24,'女'],['王五',35,'男']],columns=['姓名','年龄','性别'],index=['甲','乙','丙'])
df.drop(index='甲',inplace=True)
print(df)
drop方法,需要留意inplace变量,若要替换则设置为True,columns和index可以通过列表结构或字符串来定位需要删除的列和行。
行删除或:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([['张三',23,'男'],['李四',24,'女'],['王五',35,'男']],columns=['姓名','年龄','性别'],index=['甲','乙','丙'])
print(df)
#isin是获取所有姓名为['张三']的行数据,~是取反的意思。
df = df[~df['姓名'].isin(['张三'])]
print(df)
3、查看数据情况
print(df.describe())
详情参考:Python数据处理DataFrame小记_不会编程的汪-CSDN博客_pythondataframe