For all real numbers a>0, b>0, c>0,M>0, N>0
l o g a M + l o g a N = l o g a M N log_aM + log_aN = log_aMN logaM+logaN=logaMN (1)
proof:
assume: l o g a M = m , l o g a N = n log_aM = m, log_aN = n logaM=m,logaN=n
so: a m = M , a n = N ⇒ M ⋅ N = a m ⋅ a n = a m + n a^m = M, a^n = N \Rightarrow M \cdot N = a^m \cdot a^n = a^{m+n} am=M,an=N⇒M⋅N=am⋅an=am+n
l o g a M N = m + n = l o g a M + l o g a N log_a{MN} = m + n = log_aM + log_aN logaMN=m+n=logaM+logaN
l o g a M − l o g a N = l o g a M N log_aM - log_aN = log_a\frac{M}{N} logaM−logaN=logaNM (2)
proof:
assume: l o g a M = m , l o g a N = n log_aM = m, log_aN = n logaM=m,logaN=n
so: a m = M , a n = N ⇒ M N = a m a n = a m − n ⇒ l o g a M N = m − n = l o g a M − l o g a N a^m = M, a^n = N \Rightarrow \frac{M}{N}=\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m - n} \Rightarrow log_a{\frac{M}{N}} = m - n = log_aM - log_aN am=M,an=N⇒NM=anam=am−n⇒logaNM=m−n=logaM−logaN
l o g a a M = M log_aa^M = M logaaM=M (3)
proof:
assume: a M = B ⇒ l o g a B = M a^M = B \Rightarrow log_aB = M aM=B⇒logaB=M
so: l o g a a M = M log_aa^M = M logaaM=M
a l o g a M = M a^{log_aM} = M alogaM=M (4)
proof:
assume: l o g a M = B log_aM = B logaM=B
so: a B = M a^B = M aB=M
∵ B = l o g a M , a B = M \because B = log_aM, a^B = M ∵B=logaM,a