【IOS开发高级系列】NSObject专题

1 NSObject源码实现分析

Objective-C NSObject的实现分析(2014-10-23更新)

http://blog.csdn.net/uxyheaven/article/details/38120335

1.1 属性

1.1.1 isa

    是一个指向Class的指针,具体请看这篇文章Objective-C objc_class介绍

1.2 方法

1.2.1 class

实例方法返回的是isa指针, 类方法返回的是本身

代码实现如下:

- class 

{ 

    return (id)isa;  

} 

+ class  

{ 

    return self; 

}

1.2.2 superclass

返回父类

代码实现如下:

+ superclass  

{  

    return class_getSuperclass((Class)self);  

} 

- superclass  

{  

    return class_getSuperclass(isa);  

} 

+ superclass

{

    return class_getSuperclass((Class)self);

}

- superclass

{

    return class_getSuperclass(isa);

}

        调用的是runtime中的class_getSuperclass方法,跟踪到最后实例方法返回的是isa->superclass,类方法返回的是self->superclass

static class_t * getSuperclass(class_t *cls) 

{ 

    if (!cls) return NULL; 

    return cls->superclass; 

} 

1.2.3 isEqual

就是直接比较

- (BOOL)isEqual:anObject 

{ 

    return anObject ==self;  

} 

- (BOOL)isEqual:anObject

{

    return anObject == self;

}

1.2.4 isMemberOf:

- (BOOL)isMemberOf:aClass

{

    return isa == (Class)aClass;

}

        看代码可以得知是通过比较实例对象的isa是否和 传过来的[类 Class] 一样来判断的.而实例对象的isa确实就是指着实例对象的类的.

- (BOOL)isMemberOf:aClass 

{ 

    return isa ==(Class)aClass; 

}

1.2.5 isKindOf:

- (BOOL)isKindOf:aClass

{

    register Class cls;

    for (cls = isa; cls; cls = class_getSuperclass(cls))

        if (cls == (Class)aClass)

            return YES;

    return NO;

}

// class_getSuperclass展开后如下

static class_t *getSuperclass(class_t *cls)

{

    if (!cls) return NULL;

    return cls->superclass;

}

        代码思路也很好理解,如果自己的isa等于aClass(aClass的父类,此处循环)就返回YES,否则返回NO

- (BOOL)isKindOf:aClass 

{ 

    register Classcls; 

    for (cls = isa;cls; cls = class_getSuperclass(cls))  

        if (cls ==(Class)aClass) 

            returnYES; 

    return NO; 

} 

// class_getSuperclass展开后如下  

static class_t * getSuperclass(class_t *cls) 

{ 

    if (!cls) returnNULL; 

    return cls->superclass; 

} 

1.2.6 init

- init

{

    return self;

}

没什么好说的

- init 

{ 

    return self; 

} 

1.2.7 alloc

+ alloc 

{ 

    return (*_zoneAlloc)((Class)self, 0, malloc_default_zone());  

}

+ alloc

{

    return (*_zoneAlloc)((Class)self, 0, malloc_default_zone());

}

    这里有一个函数指针和一个结构体,我们跟进去看

id (*_zoneAlloc)(Class, size_t, voidvoid *) =_class_createInstanceFromZone; 

PRIVATE_EXTERN id

_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes,voidvoid *zone)

{ 

    id obj; 

    size_t size; 

    // Can't createsomething for nothing  

    if (!cls) returnnil; 

    // Allocate andinitialize  

    size =_class_getInstanceSize(cls) + extraBytes; 

    // CF requires allobjects be at least 16 bytes.  

    if (size < 16)size = 16; 

#if SUPPORT_GC  

    if (UseGC) { 

        obj =(id)auto_zone_allocate_object(gc_zone, size, AUTO_OBJECT_SCANNED, 0, 1); 

    } else  

#endif  

    if (zone) { 

        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc (zone, 1, size); 

    } else { 

        obj = (id)calloc(1, size); 

    } 

    if (!obj) return nil; 

    obj->isa =cls; 

    if(_class_hasCxxStructors(cls)) { 

        obj =_objc_constructOrFree(cls, obj); 

    } 

    return obj; 

} 

id (*_zoneAlloc)(Class, size_t, void *) = _class_createInstanceFromZone;

PRIVATE_EXTERN id

_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone)

{

    id obj;

    size_t size;

    // Can't create something for nothing

    if (!cls) return nil;

    // Allocate and initialize

    size = _class_getInstanceSize(cls) + extraBytes;

    // CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.

    if (size < 16) size = 16;

#if SUPPORT_GC

    if (UseGC) {

        obj = (id)auto_zone_allocate_object(gc_zone, size, AUTO_OBJECT_SCANNED, 0, 1);

    } else

#endif

    if (zone) {

        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc (zone, 1, size);

    } else {

        obj = (id)calloc(1, size);

    }

    if (!obj) return nil;

    obj->isa = cls;

    if (_class_hasCxxStructors(cls)) {

        obj = _objc_constructOrFree(cls, obj);

    }

    return obj;

}

    上面那段代码的作用是：

    1、得到这个类占用多少空间,最小占16 bytes；

    2、然后就给这个实例分配多少空间, 如果失败的话就返回nil；

    3、把这个实例的isa设置成这个类对象；

    4、如果cls的info设置了get属性就用cls这个类在obj这个空间去构造一个实例,跟进去是

static BOOL object_cxxConstructFromClass(id obj, Class cls)

{

    id (*ctor)(id);

    Class supercls;

    // Stop if neither this class nor any superclass has ctors.

    if (!_class_hasCxxStructors(cls)) return YES;  // no ctor - ok

    supercls = _class_getSuperclass(cls);

    // Call superclasses' ctors first, if any.

    if (supercls) {

        BOOL ok = object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, supercls);

        if (!ok) return NO;  // some superclass's ctor failed - give up

    }

    // Find this class's ctor, if any.

    ctor = (id(*)(id))lookupMethodInClassAndLoadCache(cls, SEL_cxx_construct);

    if (ctor == (id(*)(id))&_objc_msgForward_internal) return YES;  // no ctor - ok

    // Call this class's ctor.

    if (PrintCxxCtors) {

        _objc_inform("CXX: calling C++ constructors for class %s", _class_getName(cls));

    }

    if ((*ctor)(obj)) return YES;  // ctor called and succeeded - ok

    // This class's ctor was called and failed.

    // Call superclasses's dtors to clean up.

    if (supercls) object_cxxDestructFromClass(obj, supercls);

    return NO;

}

    大意是,先看自己有没有父类,有就递归调用自己,然后给自己添加方法,然后添加类别

1.2.8 new

+ new

{

    id newObject =(*_alloc)((Class)self, 0);

    Class metaClass =self->isa;

    if(class_getVersion(metaClass) > 1)

        return[newObject init];

    else

        returnnewObject;

}

跟进去看一下,发现是和alloc差不多

id (*_alloc)(Class, size_t) = _class_createInstance; 

static id _class_createInstance(Class cls, size_textraBytes) 

{ 

    return_class_createInstanceFromZone (cls, extraBytes, NULL); 

} 

1.2.9 free

- free  

{  

    return(*_dealloc)(self);  

} 

+ free 

{ 

    return nil;  

} 

跟进去看一下

static id _object_dispose(idanObject)  

{ 

    if (anObject==nil)return nil; 

   objc_destructInstance(anObject); 

#if SUPPORT_GC  

    if (UseGC) { 

       auto_zone_retain(gc_zone, anObject); // gc free expects rc==1  

    } else  

#endif  

    { 

        // onlyclobber isa for non-gc  

       anObject->isa = _objc_getFreedObjectClass ();  

    } 

   free(anObject); 

    return nil; 

} 

void *objc_destructInstance(id obj)  

{ 

    if (obj) { 

        Class isa =_object_getClass(obj); 

        if(_class_hasCxxStructors(isa)) { 

           object_cxxDestruct(obj); 

        } 

        if(_class_instancesHaveAssociatedObjects(isa)) { 

           _object_remove_assocations(obj); 

        } 

        if (!UseGC) objc_clear_deallocating(obj); 

    } 

    return obj; 

} 

    1、执行一个叫object_cxxDestruct的东西干了点什么事(沿着继承链逐层向上搜寻SEL_cxx_destruct这个selector,找到函数实现(void (*)(id)(函数指针)并执行)；

    2、 执行_object_remove_assocations去除和这个对象关联的对象；

    3、执行objc_clear_deallocating，清空引用计数表并清除弱引用表，将所有weak引用指nil

1.2.10 respondsTo:

    是查找有没有实现某个方法

- (BOOL)respondsTo:(SEL)aSelector  

{ 

    return class_respondsToMethod(isa, aSelector); 

} 

BOOL class_respondsToMethod(Class cls, SEL sel) 

{ 

   OBJC_WARN_DEPRECATED; 

    return class_respondsToSelector(cls, sel); 

} 

BOOL class_respondsToSelector(Class cls, SEL sel) 

{ 

    IMP imp; 

    if (!sel  || !cls) return NO; 

    // Avoids+initialize because it historically did so.  

    // We're notreturning a callable IMP anyway.  

    imp = lookUpMethod(cls, sel, NO/*initialize*/, YES/*cache*/); 

    return (imp != (IMP)_objc_msgForward_internal)? YES : NO; 

} 

1.2.11 perform:

perform是发送消息到指定的接收器并返回值,下面是代码:

- perform:(SEL)aSelector  

{  

    if(aSelector) 

        returnobjc_msgSend(self, aSelector);  

    else 

        return [selferror:_errBadSel, sel_getName(_cmd), aSelector]; 

} 

        原来就是objc_msgSend这玩意.objc_msgSend实现有很多个版本,大体逻辑应该差不多,首先在找缓存,找到就跳转过去,找不到就在Class的方法列表里找方法,如果还是没找到就转发.

下的是arm下的代码

ENTRY objc_msgSend 

# check whether receiver is nil  

    teq     a1, #0 

    itt eq 

    moveq   a2, #0 

    bxeq    lr 

# save registers and load receiver's class forCacheLookup  

    stmfd   sp!, {a4,v1} 

    ldr     v1, [a1, #ISA] 

# receiver is non-nil: search the cache  

    CacheLookup a2,v1, LMsgSendCacheMiss 

# cache hit (imp in ip) and CacheLookup returns withnonstret (eq) set, restore registers and call  

    ldmfd   sp!, {a4,v1} 

    bx      ip 

# cache miss: go search the method lists  

LMsgSendCacheMiss: 

    ldmfd   sp!, {a4,v1} 

    b   _objc_msgSend_uncached 

LMsgSendExit: 

    END_ENTRY objc_msgSend 

    STATIC_ENTRY objc_msgSend_uncached 

# Push stack frame  

    stmfd   sp!, {a1-a4,r7,lr} 

    add     r7, sp, #16 

# Load class and selector  

    ldr a1, [a1,#ISA]      /* class = receiver->isa  */ 

    # MOVE  a2, a2          /* selector already in a2 */  

# Do the lookup  

   MI_CALL_EXTERNAL(__class_lookupMethodAndLoadCache) 

    MOVE    ip, a1 

# Prep for forwarding, Pop stack frame and call imp  

    teq v1, v1      /*set nonstret (eq) */ 

    ldmfd   sp!, {a1-a4,r7,lr} 

    bx  ip 

1.2.12 conformsTo:

    返回是否遵循了某个协议

- (BOOL) conformsTo: (Protocol *)aProtocolObj 

{ 

      return [(id)isa conformsTo: aProtocolObj]; 

} 

+ (BOOL) conformsTo: (Protocol *)aProtocolObj 

{ 

      Class class; 

      for (class = self; class; class = class_getSuperclass(class)) 

    { 

          if(class_conformsToProtocol(class, aProtocolObj)) return YES; 

    } 

     return NO; 

} 

    最终用的是class_conformsToProtocol,返回一个布尔值,表示一个类是否符合给定的协议。

class_conformsToProtocol的实现如下：

BOOL class_conformsToProtocol(Class cls_gen, Protocol*proto_gen) 

{ 

    struct old_class *cls = oldcls(cls_gen); 

    struct old_protocol *proto = oldprotocol(proto_gen); 

    if (!cls_gen) return NO; 

    if (!proto) returnNO; 

    if(cls->isa->version >= 3) { 

        structold_protocol_list *list; 

        for (list =cls->protocols; list != NULL; list = list->next) { 

            int i; 

            for (i =0; i < list->count; i++) { 

                if(list->list[i] == proto) return YES; 

                if(protocol_conformsToProtocol((Protocol *)list->list[i], proto_gen)) 

                    return YES; 

            } 

            if(cls->isa->version <= 4) break; 

        } 

    } 

    return NO; 

} 

        可以看到是在cls->protocols里面找.protocols是协议的数组

1.2.13 copy

浅拷贝

- copy  

{ 

    return [self copyFromZone: [self zone]]; 

} 

//返回指定区域的指针  

- (voidvoid *)zone 

{ 

    void *z = malloc_zone_from_ptr(self); 

    return z ? z :malloc_default_zone(); 

} 

- copyFromZone:(voidvoid *)z 

{ 

    return (*_zoneCopy)(self, 0, z);  

} 

id (*_zoneCopy)(id, size_t, void *) =_object_copyFromZone; 

static id _object_copyFromZone(id oldObj, size_t extraBytes,voidvoid *zone)  

{ 

    id obj; 

    size_t size; 

    if (!oldObj) return nil; 

    //用旧对象的isa生成一个新的对象的空间  

    obj = (*_zoneAlloc)(oldObj->isa, extraBytes, zone); 

    size =_class_getInstanceSize(oldObj->isa) + extraBytes; 

    // fixme need C++copy constructor  

    //把旧对象的内存拷贝到新对象  

   objc_memmove_collectable(obj, oldObj, size); 

} 

2 概念原理

2.1 野指针与僵尸对象

2.1.1 野指针

C语言:

       当我们声明1个指针变量,没有为这个指针变量赋初始值.这个指针变量的值是1个垃圾指指针，指向1块随机的内存空间。

OC语言:

        指针指向的对象已经被回收掉了。这个指针就叫做野指针。

2.1.2 僵尸对象

僵尸对象:

    1个已经被释放的对象 就叫做僵尸对象.

2.2 nil/Nil/NULL/NSNull的区别

    nil：指向oc中对象的空指针

    Nil：指向oc中类的空指针

    NULL：指向其他类型的空指针，如一个c类型的内存指针

    NSNull：在集合对象中，表示空值的对象

    若obj为nil：

        ［obj message］将返回NO,而不是NSException

    若obj为NSNull:

       ［obj message］将抛出异常NSException

        nil和NULL从字面意思来理解比较简单，nil是一个对象，而NULL是一个值，我的理解为nil是将对象设置为空，而NULL是将基本类型设置为空的。而且我们对于nil调用方法，不会产生crash或者抛出异常。

看一下用法

NSURL *url = nil；

Class class = Nil；

int *pointerInt = NULL；

nil是一个对象指针为空，Nil是一个类指针为空，NULL是基本数据类型为空。

3 参考链接

IOS中类和对象还有,nil/Nil/NULL的区别

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5fb39f910101akm1.html

cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget not cancelling anoutstanding performSelector:withDelay

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8697648/cancelpreviousperformrequestswithtarget-not-cancelling-an-outstanding-performsel

iOS设置 延迟执行 与 取消延迟执行 方法 以及对runloop初步认识

http://www.cnblogs.com/someonelikeyou/p/5509878.html

IOS关于取消延迟执行函数的种种。performSelector与cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget

http://blog.csdn.net/samuelltk/article/details/8994313

IOS -延迟执行performSelector和取消延迟执行cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget

http://www.cnblogs.com/HermitCarb/p/4740773.html