内存一致性

jdk内存一致性

内存一致性

java-memory-model-1 内存模型

happens-before

1. Each action in a thread happens-before every action in that thread that comes later in the program's order.

2. An unlock (synchronized block or method exit) of a monitor happens-before every subsequent lock (synchronized block or method entry) of that same monitor.

3. A write to a volatile field happens-before every subsequent read of that same field.

4. A call to start on a thread happens-before any action in the started thread.

5. All actions in a thread happen-before any other thread successfully returns from a join on that thread.

如果一个操作执行的结果需要对另一个操作可见，那么这两个操作之间必须存在 happens-before 关系。

程序顺序规则：一个线程中的每个操作，happens- before 于该线程中的任意后续操作。
监视器锁规则：对一个监视器锁的解锁，happens- before 于随后对这个监视器锁的加锁。
volatile 变量规则：对一个 volatile 域的写，happens- before 于任意后续对这个 volatile 域的读。
传递性：如果 A happens- before B，且 B happens- before C，那么 A happens- before C。

注意，两个操作之间具有 happens-before 关系，并不意味着前一个操作必须要在后一个操作之前执行！happens-before 仅仅要求前一个操作（执行的结果）对后一个操作可见，且前一个操作按顺序排在第二个操作之前（the first is visible to and ordered before the second）。happens- before 的定义很微妙，后文会具体说明 happens-before 为什么要这么定义。

比如
int a = 1
int b = 2
int c=a

则根据happens-before规则，允许下面的执行顺序

int b = 2

或者

int b = 2
int a = 1
int c=a

或者
int a = 1
int b = 2
int c=a

总之， 仅需要保证后一个操作对前一个操作的结果有依赖，
保证前一个操作发生在后一个操作之前的相对顺序就行。

happens-before
保证前后有依赖关系的操作，具有相对执行顺序。

memory consistency

memory visibility

happens-before保证的了memory visibility , 避免了 memory consistency error
The key to avoiding memory consistency errors is understanding the happens-before relationship. This relationship is simply a guarantee that memory writes by one specific statement are visible to another specific statement.