先验条件、后验条件、不变条件

You’ll have a lot of problems writing Java, especially multi-threaded code, if you can’t understand these simple ideas:

1. Pre-conditions are the things that must be true before a method is called. The method tells clients “this is what I expect from you”.
2. Post-conditions are the things that must be true after the method is complete. The method tells clients “this is what I promise to do for you”.
3. Invariants are the things that are always true and won’t change. The method tells clients “if this was true before you called me, I promise it’ll still be true when I’m done”.

先验条件是在调用方法之前必须为真。这个方法告诉客户端“这就是我对你的期望”。

后验条件是指方法完成后必须为真。该方法告诉客户端“这就是我承诺为您做的”。

不变条件是始终为真且不会改变的东西。该方法告诉客户端“如果在你调用我之前这是真的，我保证当我完成时它仍然是真的”。