一起学JAVA之【基础篇】线程池 ThreadPoolExecutor使用详解

一起学JAVA之【基础篇】线程池 ThreadPoolExecutor使用详解

先来看一下线程池工作的流程图

概念

ThreadPoolExecutor类是用来自定义线程池的，他有4个构造方法：

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参数数量依次递增，参数分别表示：

corePoolSize(核心线程数)：定义核心线程数，核心线程数必须小于等于最大线程数不然会报空指针

maximumPoolSize(最大线程数)：定义最大线程数，最大线程必须大于等于核心线程数，最大线程-核心线程数=临时线程数（临时线程只有在线程阻塞任务队列满的时候才新建）

keepAliveTime(线程存活时长)：临时线程数存活时长

unit(线程存活时长单位)：临时线程数存活时长单位

workQueue(线程阻塞任务队列)：当核心线程使用完后用来存放新增任务的数据结构

threadFactory(线程工厂)：主要作用是用来捕获异常和设置线程名称

handler(拒绝策略)：当线程池接收不了新的任务后执行的策略，默认AbortPolicy(丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException)

使用

自定义ThreadFactory

public class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

    private String prefix;
    private AtomicInteger atomicInteger;
    public MyThreadFactory(String prefix){
        this.prefix = prefix;
        //保证计数安全
        atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(1);
    }
    /**
     * Constructs a new {@code Thread}.  Implementations may also initialize
     * priority, name, daemon status, {@code ThreadGroup}, etc.
     *
     * @param r a runnable to be executed by new thread instance
     * @return constructed thread, or {@code null} if the request to
     * create a thread is rejected
     */
    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        return new Thread(r,prefix+atomicInteger.getAndIncrement());
    }
}

public class MyThreadPool{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //自定义线程工厂
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new MyThreadFactory("test-thread");
        ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1,1,60,TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),threadFactory);
        executorService.execute(()->{System.out.println(1111);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());});
    }
}

拒绝策略

Java内部自定义了4种拒绝策略：

1、ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。

2、ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy：丢弃任务，但是不抛出异常。

3、ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy：丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新提交被拒绝的任务

4、ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy：由调用线程（提交任务的线程）处理该任务

5、我们也可以自己定义拒绝策略

public class MyRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    /**
     * Method that may be invoked by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} when
     * {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#execute execute} cannot accept a
     * task.  This may occur when no more threads or queue slots are
     * available because their bounds would be exceeded, or upon
     * shutdown of the Executor.
     *
     * <p>In the absence of other alternatives, the method may throw
     * an unchecked {@link RejectedExecutionException}, which will be
     * propagated to the caller of {@code execute}.
     *
     * @param r        the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    @Override
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) throws RejectedExecutionException {
        //记录日志
        //告警
    }
}

总结

前面说了Executors这个工具类里面提供了4个创建线程池的方法，可能不太适用于我们的日常业务场景，通过上面的教程你就可以自己去根据你所需要的定义自己的线程池