Java-常用类之Object类

Object类

1.超类、基类，所用类的直接或间接父类，位于继承树的最顶端；
2.任何类如果没有书写extends显示继承某个类，都默认直接继承Object类，否则为间接继承；
3.Object所定义的方法，是所有对象都具备的方法；
4.Object类型可以储存任何对象：1.作为参数可接受任何类型对象；2.作为返回值课返回任何类型对象

Getclass方法

1.返回引用中储存的实际对象类型；
2.应用：通常用于判断两个引用中实际储存对象类型是否类型。

public class OftenObject01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 15, 645);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 16, 645);
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("王五", 45, 652);
        //getClass方法
        Class class1 = student1.getClass();
        Class class2 = student1.getClass();
        Class class3 = teacher.getClass();
        if (class1==class2){
            System.out.println("相同");
        }else {
            System.out.println("不同");
        }

        if (class1==class3){
            System.out.println("相同");
        }else {
            System.out.println("不同");
        }
    }
}
class Student{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Teacher(){

    }
    public Teacher(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

hashCode方法

1.返回该对象的哈希码值；
2.哈希值根据对象的地址或字符串或数字使用hash算法计算出来的int类型的数值；
3.一般情况下相同的对象返回相同的哈希码。

public class OftenObject01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 15, 645);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 16, 645);
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("王五", 45, 652);
  
        //hashCode方法     相同的对象一般返回相同的哈希值  class1 = class2
        System.out.println(class1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(class2.hashCode());

        System.out.println(class3.hashCode());
        Class class4 = class1;
        System.out.println(class4.hashCode());
    }
}
class Student{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Teacher(){

    }
    public Teacher(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

toString方法

1.返回该对象的字符串表示（表现形式）；
2.可应根据程序需求覆盖该方法，如展示对象的各个属性值。

public class OftenObject01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 15, 645);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 16, 645);
        Class class1 = student1.getClass();
        Class class2 = student1.getClass();
        //toString方法
        System.out.println(student1.toString());
        System.out.println(student2.toString());
        System.out.println(class1.toString());
        System.out.println(class2.toString());
    }
}
class Student{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    //重写toString方法

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", id=" + id +
                '}';
    }
}

equals方法

1.默认实现为（this == obj），比较两个对象的地址是否相等；
2.可进行副覆盖，比较两个对象的内容是否相同。

equals方法覆盖步骤：
     1.比较两个引用是否指向同一个对象；
     2.判断obj是否为null；
     3.判断两个引用指向的实际对象类型是否一致；
     4.强制类型转换；
     5.依次比较各个属性值是否相等。

public class OftenObject01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 15, 645);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 16, 645);
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("王五", 45, 652);

        //equals方法
        System.out.println(student1.equals(student2));

        Student student3 = new Student("时间哦亲", 15, 641);
        Student student4 = new Student("时间哦亲", 15, 641);
        System.out.println(student3.equals(student4));
    }
}
class Student{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    //重写equals方法
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        //1.判断两个对象是否为同一个
        if (this == obj){
            return true;
        }
        //2.判断obj是否为空
        if (obj == null){
            return false;
        }
//        if (this.getClass()==obj.getClass()){
//            return true;
//        }
//        instanceof判断对象是否是某个类型
        //3.判断两个对象类型是否相同
        if (obj instanceof Student){
            //4.强制类型转换
            Student s = (Student) obj;
            //5.比较属性
            if (this.name.equals(s.getName())&&this.age==s.getAge()&&this.id==s.getId()){
                return true;
            }

        }
            return false;
    }
}

finalize方法

1.当对象判定为垃圾对象时，有JVM自动调用此方法，用来标记此对象，进入回收队列
         垃圾对象：没有有效引用指向此对象时，为垃圾对象；
 2.垃圾回收：由GC销毁垃圾对象，释放数据储存空间；
 3.自动回收机制：JVM内存耗尽，一次性回收左右垃圾对象；
 4.手动回收机制：使用System.gc（）；通知JVM执行垃圾回收。