Java_Iterable_Iterator_foreach学习笔记

接口 Iterable<T>

public interface Iterable<T>

实现这个接口允许对象成为"foreach"语句的目标

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由于Java中数据容器众多，而对数据容器的操作在很多时候都具有极大的共性，于是Java采用了迭代器为各种容器提供公共的操作接口。使用Java的迭代器iterator可以使得对容器的遍历操作完全与其底层相隔离，可以到达极好的解耦效果。

public interface Iterable<T> {

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over a set of elements of type T.
     *
     * @return an Iterator.
     */
    Iterator<T> iterator();
}

Collection接口拓展了接口Iterable，根据以上的对Iterable接口的定义可以发现，其要求实现其的类都提供一个返回迭代器Iterator<T>对象的方法。

迭代器Iterator<T>接口的的定义为：

package java.util;

/**
 * An iterator over a collection.  {@code Iterator} takes the place of
 * {@link Enumeration} in the Java Collections Framework.  Iterators
 * differ from enumerations in two ways:
 *
 * <ul>
 *      <li> Iterators allow the caller to remove elements from the
 *           underlying collection during the iteration with well-defined
 *           semantics.
 *      <li> Method names have been improved.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>This interface is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @param <E> the type of elements returned by this iterator
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @see Collection
 * @see ListIterator
 * @see Iterable
 * @since 1.2
 */
public interface Iterator<E> {
    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the iteration has more elements.
     * (In other words, returns {@code true} if {@link #next} would
     * return an element rather than throwing an exception.)
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the iteration has more elements
     */
    boolean hasNext();

    /**
     * Returns the next element in the iteration.
     *
     * @return the next element in the iteration
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iteration has no more elements
     */
    E next();

    /**
     * Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned
     * by this iterator (optional operation).  This method can be called
     * only once per call to {@link #next}.  The behavior of an iterator
     * is unspecified if the underlying collection is modified while the
     * iteration is in progress in any way other than by calling this
     * method.
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove}
     *         operation is not supported by this iterator
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the {@code next} method has not
     *         yet been called, or the {@code remove} method has already
     *         been called after the last call to the {@code next}
     *         method
     */
    void remove();
}

        从以上的定义中可以发现，似乎Iterable()接口和Iterator()接口完全一致，没有任何区别。可以发现这又是一个支持程序多样化的巧妙设计，充分的支持了多态和解耦。
由于所有的Collection类型的对象都被强制要求implements  Iterable 接口，故任何Collection对象都要能返回一个能遍历其的迭代器Iterator。如果直接 implement iterator接口， Collection会直接要求具有hasNext（）等方法。但是这种方法不具备多态性，即设定好了该如何执行hasNext()等操作，而且程序会显得十分的臃肿和复杂。但是如果采用实施Iterable()接口和返回Iterator对象的方式，则会全然的不同，只要能够返回Iterator对象，完全可以自己的需要进行遍历方式上的自由定义。（即针对同一个接口，在其实现类中提供多样、不同的方法）。

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自定定义一个Person类实现Iterable接口：

package cn.wangyu.itearator;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * Person继承了Iterable接口，则Person可以使用JDK1.5新特性的foreach
 */
public class Person implements Iterable<Person> {

	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Person[] persons;
	
	@Override
	public Iterator<Person> iterator() {
		return new PersonIterator();
	}
	
	/**
	 * PersonIterator是私有内部类，实现了Iterator<E>接口的类
	 * 
	 * @author JiangMinyan
	 *
	 */
	private class PersonIterator implements Iterator<Person>{

		private int index = 0;//索引
		
		@Override
		public boolean hasNext() {
			return index != persons.length;
		}

		@Override
		public Person next() {
			return persons[index++];
		}

		@Override
		public void remove() {
			
		}
		
	}
	
	public Person(int size){
		persons = new Person[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			persons[i] = new Person(""+i, i);
		}
	}	
	public Person() {

	}

	public Person(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	
	//Main Method
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Person p = new Person(20);
		//----> 可以使用foreach  <----//
//		for(Person person : p.persons){
//			System.out.println(person);
//		}
		Iterator<Person> iterator = p.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()){
			System.out.println(iterator.next());
		}
	}
}