Customer-exit是SAP ABAP的第二代增强技术, 它主要能实现三个方面的增强:
1. Function-exit(功能增强)
2. Menu-exit(菜单增强)
3. Screen-exit(屏幕增强)
Find Customer-exit
通常找增强点有三种方法, 建议用程序来找, 简单, 快捷, 准确
方法1: 搜关键字法(缺点:有时不能把所有点找到)
Step 1: 以TCODE: SE38为例, 对应的程序是SAPLS38E, 先进去程序的代码界面, 点系统工具栏的FIND按扭
Step 2: 查找关键字CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION
Step 3: 按确定后就能看到对应的结果了
方法2: 利用TCODE: CMOD来找
Step 1: CMOD-> Utilities-> SAP enhancements, 我们可以通过Package或Component name来找, 还可以选择要找的增强类型. (这里我用Component name来找, EXIT_PROGRAMNAME*, 我选所有的增强类型, 如果用Package来找可以找到同一个Package下的其他程序的增强点)
Step 2: 按F8后查看结果
方法3: 通过一个网上流传很广的程序去找, 下面是程序的代码
TABLES:tstc,tadir,modsapt,modact,trdir,tfdir,enlfdir,sxs_attrt,tstct.
DATA : jtab LIKE tadir OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
DATA : field1(30).
DATA : v_devclass LIKE tadir-devclass.
PARAMETERS : p_tcode LIKE tstc-tcode,
p_pgmna LIKE tstc-pgmna .
DATA wa_tadir TYPE tadir.
START-OF-SELECTION.
IF NOT p_tcode IS INITIAL.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM tstc WHERE tcode EQ p_tcode.
ELSEIF NOT p_pgmna IS INITIAL.
tstc-pgmna = p_pgmna.
ENDIF.
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM tadir
WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR'
AND object = 'PROG'
AND obj_name = tstc-pgmna.
MOVE : tadir-devclass TO v_devclass.
IF sy-subrc NE 0.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM trdir
WHERE name = tstc-pgmna.
IF trdir-subc EQ 'F'.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM tfdir
WHERE pname = tstc-pgmna.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM enlfdir
WHERE funcname = tfdir-funcname.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM tadir
WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR'
AND object = 'FUGR'
AND obj_name EQ enlfdir-area.
MOVE : tadir-devclass TO v_devclass.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
SELECT * FROM tadir INTO TABLE jtab WHERE pgmid = 'R3TR' AND
object IN ('SMOD', 'SXSD') AND
devclass = v_devclass.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM tstct WHERE sprsl EQ sy-langu AND
tcode EQ p_tcode.
FORMAT COLOR COL_POSITIVE INTENSIFIED OFF.
WRITE:/(19) 'Transaction Code - ',
20(20) p_tcode,
45(50) tstct-ttext.
SKIP.
IF NOT jtab[] IS INITIAL.
WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.
FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INTENSIFIED ON.
SORT jtab BY object.
DATA : wf_txt(60) TYPE c,
wf_smod TYPE i ,
wf_badi TYPE i ,
wf_object2(30) TYPE c.
CLEAR : wf_smod, wf_badi , wf_object2.
LOOP AT jtab INTO wa_tadir.
AT FIRST.
FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INTENSIFIED ON.
WRITE:/1 sy-vline,
2 'Enhancement/ Business Add-in',
41 sy-vline ,
42 'Description',
105 sy-vline.
WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.
ENDAT.
CLEAR wf_txt.
AT NEW object.
IF wa_tadir-object = 'SMOD'.
wf_object2 = 'Enhancement' .
ELSEIF wa_tadir-object = 'SXSD'.
wf_object2 = ' Business Add-in'.
ENDIF.
FORMAT COLOR COL_GROUP INTENSIFIED ON.
WRITE:/1 sy-vline,
2 wf_object2,
105 sy-vline.
ENDAT.
CASE wa_tadir-object.
WHEN 'SMOD'.
wf_smod = wf_smod + 1.
SELECT SINGLE modtext INTO wf_txt
FROM modsapt
WHERE sprsl = sy-langu
AND name = wa_tadir-obj_name.
FORMAT COLOR COL_NORMAL INTENSIFIED OFF.
WHEN 'SXSD'.
" For BADis
wf_badi = wf_badi + 1 .
SELECT SINGLE text INTO wf_txt
FROM sxs_attrt
WHERE sprsl = sy-langu
AND exit_name = wa_tadir-obj_name.
FORMAT COLOR COL_NORMAL INTENSIFIED ON.
ENDCASE.
WRITE:/1 sy-vline,
2 wa_tadir-obj_name HOTSPOT ON,
41 sy-vline ,
42 wf_txt,
105 sy-vline.
AT END OF object.
WRITE : /(105) sy-uline.
ENDAT.
ENDLOOP.
WRITE:/(105) sy-uline.
SKIP.
FORMAT COLOR COL_TOTAL INTENSIFIED ON.
WRITE:/ 'No.of Exits:' , wf_smod.
WRITE:/ 'No.of BADis:' , wf_badi.
ELSE.
FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INTENSIFIED ON.
WRITE:/(105) 'No userexits or BADis exist'.
ENDIF.
ELSE.
FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INTENSIFIED ON.
WRITE:/(105) 'Transaction does not exist'.
ENDIF.
AT LINE-SELECTION.
DATA : wf_object TYPE tadir-object.
CLEAR wf_object.
GET CURSOR FIELD field1.
CHECK field1(8) EQ 'WA_TADIR'.
READ TABLE jtab WITH KEY obj_name = sy-lisel+1(20).
MOVE jtab-object TO wf_object.
CASE wf_object.
WHEN 'SMOD'.
SET PARAMETER ID 'MON' FIELD sy-lisel+1(10).
CALL TRANSACTION 'SMOD' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
WHEN 'SXSD'.
SET PARAMETER ID 'EXN' FIELD sy-lisel+1(20).
CALL TRANSACTION 'SE18' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
ENDCASE.
Step 1: 输入Selection screen的值, TCODE或program name
Step 2: 按F8查看结果
Customer-exit的实现
1. Function-exit的实现
Step 1: CMOD-> Create project
Step 2: Enhancement assignments
Step3: 保存, 激活
Step 4: Write enhancement code
Step 5: 测试结果
2. Menu-exit的实现
Step 1: CMOD-> Create project
Step 2: Enhancement assignments
Step 3: 保存, 激活
Step 4: Add the menu test
Step 5: Write the enhancement code and activate it
Step 6: 测试结果
3. Screen-exit的实现
现在我对IW22增加一个子屏幕
STEP 1: 找触发点
程序SAPLIQS0里面screen太多了, 有些screen少的程序可以直接看flow logic来查看customer subscreen area
来判断屏幕的逻辑, 同时可以根据语句call customer-subscreen来判断, 当然debug也可以.
这里还是直接用搜索的方法来找出口吧
首先找到程序的Package:
通过程序RPR_ABAP_SOURCE_SCAN去查找语句call customer-subscreen
这里找出了5个exit, 我这里只截了其中一个的图
注意PBO事件里call的前面有个MODULE USER0002_OUTPUT_O90
PAI事件里call的后面有个MODULE USER0002_INPUT_I90
在PBO那个module里面打个断点, 5个exit都打
然后运行TCODE IW22输入notification number后按回车
可以看到, 程序在user0001断下来了.
进入subroutine user_exit_008_f90就可以看到exit EXIT_SAPMIWO0_008了.
按两下F6, 我们可以看到customer subscreen的程序和屏幕号
Step 2: CMOD建Project, assign exit QQMA0001, 激活.
Step 3: 到表QMEL的include structure CI_QMEL那里增加两个field
Step 4: 到目标screen去建需要的field
Step 5: 定义全局变量(SAPLXQQM->LXQQMTOP->ZXQQMTOP)
Step 6: 到ZXQQMU07去写两句代码
Step 7: 到ZXQQMU08去写两句代码, 顺便写上按钮触发事件(不知道为什么写在9100的PAI没有反应)
Step 8: 测试一下, 当我按下button时, 出现Zero test后, 又出现了另一条Error message Requested function Z8ZE is not available here.
我Debug这条message的位置附近发现程序有一个select 表T158F的过程.
下面是ABAP stack
Step 9: Google一下这个表, 发现这里有一个screen control的概念, 到TCODE VFBS里对表T158F和表T158增加一条新纪录(PM模块好几个TCODE的FCODE增强都需要这一步, FCODE最好是以Z8或Z9开头的四位字符, 这个namespace可以在report RDDKOR54查得到)
(这里有个链接有比较详细的解释: http://scn.sap.com/message/374999 )
表T158F:
表T158:
到此为止, 增强做完了
Step10: 效果图
P.S. 1: Clear SY-UCOMM的问题
留意到我step 7的那段代码
IF sy-ucomm = 'Z8ZE'.
MESSAGE 'Zero test' TYPE 'I'.
ENDIF.
其实这样写并不是很恰当, 我之前留意到更多前辈是这样写的
DATA: lv_ucomm TYPE sy_ucomm.
clear lv_ucomm.
lv_ucomm = sy-ucomm.
CLEAR sy-ucomm.
IF lv_ucomm = 'Z8ZE'.
MESSAGE 'Zero test' TYPE 'I'.
ENDIF.
之前一直不知道这样写有什么作用, 现在知道了, 就我这个例子而言, 当我按了Test那个按钮后, 就会弹出'Zero test'的message, 但当我放大或缩小当前session的窗口后, message又再一次弹出来, 这是证明了像放大或缩小窗口这种操作并不会重置function code, function code还是之前操作那个, 该走的逻辑还是会走...
过了几天后, Palm童鞋发现这个message在放大缩小窗口时还是会弹出来, 我debug了program, 发现在customer subscreen的逻辑走完后, 回到上一层的subsreen, sy-ucomm居然还是'Z8ZE', 这是什么问题还搞不清楚.
我想试一下在这一层清掉sy-ucomm, 看能否解决重复弹message的问题
首先修改一下customer-exit的代码
然后在7212这个Screen这一层加上隐式增强代码
看看ABAP stack
最后问题顺利解决
P.S. 2: IW22的screen配置
IW22的屏幕增强还和SPRO的配置有关, 配置路径SPRO->Plant Maintenance and Customer Service->Maintenance and Service Processing->Maintenance and Service Notifications->Notification Creation->Notification Types->Set screen Templates for notification type.
在这里我对M1类型增加了一个tab Zero test, 之前的增强是在tab Notification 1里面做的
这里可以把期中一个subscreen area配成Customer subscreen, 如果没有配的话之前的增强就不会成立, 即使加断点也不会跑那一段程序