[安装] virtualbox下centos7 如何使用 dvd.iso 文件作为 repository

图形界面是一个程序,可以通过yum在网上下载,也可以在DVD中找到安装包,一个错误的做法是一开始变把CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso文件放进光盘里面

不管使用IDE还是SATA控制器,第一,第二通道,主控制还是从控制器,virutalbox只会使用光驱启动方式去读取CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso,这会导致进入安装界面,而不能进入已经存在的centos.vdi系统

这显然不是我们想要的结果,为了避免这种情况,我们要把光盘区域留空,另外如果你删除了光盘区域,在linux系统启动以后是无法再添加的

这样可以按照正常启动centos,这个时候我们才选择插入光盘,好比台式电脑看电影DVD一样

DVD也是一种设备,就像硬盘也是一种设备一样,会出现在/dev目录下,光盘设备对应的目录是 /dev/cdrom

 

接下来的操作流程可以根据redhat 7 document一步一步来,我发现最难的地方反而是搜文档,虽然解决方案在其他博客或网站都有,但官方文档永远更让人安心,地址:7.1.4. Upgrading the System Off-line with ISO and Yum

创建目录并挂载

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# umount /media/cdrom
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

 the -o loop option is required to mount the file as a block device.

检查一下是否挂载成功

[root@centos7 dev]# ls -lh /media/cdrom
total 607K
-rw-r--r--. 1  500  502   14 Jul  5  2014 CentOS_BuildTag
drwxr-xr-x. 3  500  502 2.0K Jul  4  2014 EFI
-rw-r--r--. 1  500  502  611 Jul  5  2014 EULA
-rw-r--r--. 1  500  502  18K Jul  5  2014 GPL
drwxr-xr-x. 3  500  502 2.0K Jul  4  2014 images
drwxr-xr-x. 2  500  502 2.0K Jul  4  2014 isolinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2  500  502 2.0K Jul  4  2014 LiveOS
drwxr-xr-x. 2  500  502 568K Jul  5  2014 Packages
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul  5  2014 repodata
-rw-r--r--. 1  500  502 1.7K Jul  5  2014 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-rw-r--r--. 1  500  502 1.7K Jul  5  2014 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 2.9K Jul  7  2014 TRANS.TBL

 

下一个目标是,创建一个本地的yum源,所有的repository都在目录/etc/yum.repos.d里面

[root@centos7 yum]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls -l
total 56
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  290 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec  9 17:59 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  209 Jan  7 17:32 dag.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  957 Nov 26  2014 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1056 Nov 26  2014 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  739 Jun 12  2014 mirrors-rpmforge
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  717 Jun 12  2014 mirrors-rpmforge-extras
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  728 Jun 12  2014 mirrors-rpmforge-testing
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1128 Dec 18 09:34 rpmforge.repo

我们创建一个centos7的本地repository

vi ./local_centos7.repo

在里面添加如下信息

[local_centos7]
name=local_centos7
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

里面各个option的意思如下

  1. [centos7]: Name of the new repo section.
  2. name: Name of the new repository.
  3. baseurl: The current location of the packages.
  4. Enabled: Enabled repository, value ‘1’ means enable and ‘0’ means disable.
  5. gpgcheck: Check the signature of the packages, before installing them.
  6. gpgkey: Location of the key.

刷新一下repository, 好比 source /root/.barshrc 和mysql的flush privileges一样,貌似document没有做这一步操作

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base centos7 dag epel extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

验证一下刚配置的centos7 repository看看是否能使用,能使用的repository显示enable否则显示disable

yum repolist all

 

为什么那么多的repository 只enable了几个而不全部使用呢?我们可以尝试把所有的打开

yum-config-manager --enable \*

关于repository的关闭大开,document位置在这里:Example 7.29. Enabling all repositories

 

结果是光是查询postgrepSQL这个软件就查询了5分钟,从一大堆网址里面搜,然后挑选速度最快的那个

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum info postgresql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base-debuginfo                                                                                                               | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
base-source                                                                                                                  | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
file:///media/CentOS/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /media/CentOS/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
c7-media                                                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
centosplus                                                                                                                   | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
centosplus-source                                                                                                            | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
cr                                                                                                                           | 3.3 kB  00:00:00     
dag                                                                                                                          | 1.9 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                         | 4.8 kB  00:00:00     
epel-debuginfo/x86_64/metalink                                                                                               | 4.9 kB  00:00:00     
epel-debuginfo                                                                                                               | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
epel-source/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                  | 4.8 kB  00:00:00     
epel-source                                                                                                                  | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                 | 5.2 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing                                                                                                                 | 4.3 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64/metalink                                                                                       | 5.4 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing-debuginfo                                                                                                       | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing-source/x86_64/metalink                                                                                          | 5.2 kB  00:00:00     
epel-testing-source                                                                                                          | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
extras-source                                                                                                                | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
fasttrack                                                                                                                    | 3.3 kB  00:00:00     
local_centos7                                                                                                                | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
rpmforge                                                                                                                     | 1.9 kB  00:00:00     
rpmforge-extras                                                                                                              | 1.9 kB  00:00:00     
rpmforge-testing                                                                                                             | 1.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates-source                                                                                                               | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
c7-media/group_gz              FAILED                                          
file:///media/CentOS/repodata/4b9ac2454536a901fecbc1a5ad080b0efd74680c6e1f4b28fb2c7ff419872418-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /media/CentOS/repodata/4b9ac2454536a901fecbc1a5ad080b0efd74680c6e1f4b28fb2c7ff419872418-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz"
Trying other mirror.
(1/19): c7-media/primary_db                                                                                                  | 2.7 MB  00:00:00     
(2/19): cr/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                               | 1.2 kB  00:00:00     
(3/19): centosplus/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                       | 1.0 MB  00:00:02     
(4/19): centosplus-source/7/primary_db                                                                                       | 4.3 kB  00:00:01     
(5/19): epel-debuginfo/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                     | 520 kB  00:00:01     
(6/19): epel-testing/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                         | 169 kB  00:00:00     
(7/19): epel-testing/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                       |  70 kB  00:00:00     
(8/19): epel-testing/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                       | 497 kB  00:00:00     
(9/19): epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64/primary_db                                                                             |  53 kB  00:00:00     
(10/19): epel-testing-source/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                               |  70 kB  00:00:00     
(11/19): epel-testing-source/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 140 kB  00:00:00     
(12/19): extras-source/7/primary_db                                                                                          | 5.5 kB  00:00:00     
(13/19): fasttrack/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                       | 1.2 kB  00:00:00     
(14/19): updates-source/7/primary_db                                                                                         |  35 kB  00:00:02     
(15/19): c7-media/group_gz                                                                                                   | 157 kB  00:00:00     
(16/19): epel-source/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                       | 460 kB  00:00:05     
(17/19): base-source/7/primary_db                                                                                            | 949 kB  00:00:15     
(18/19): base-debuginfo/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                    | 973 kB  00:00:18     
(19/19): epel-source/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                       | 1.3 MB  00:00:48     
(1/2): rpmforge-extras/primary_db                                                                                            |  11 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): rpmforge-testing/primary_db                                                                                           | 2.4 kB  00:00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com
 * c7-media: 
 * centosplus: mirrors.163.com
 * epel: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * epel-debuginfo: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * epel-source: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * epel-testing: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * epel-testing-debuginfo: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * epel-testing-source: mirrors.hustunique.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * fasttrack: mirrors.163.com
 * rpmforge: mirrors.digipower.vn
 * rpmforge-extras: mirrors.digipower.vn
 * rpmforge-testing: mirrors.digipower.vn
 * updates: mirrors.yun-idc.com
(1/10): C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                   |  43 kB  00:00:02     
(2/10): C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                | 124 kB  00:00:03     
(3/10): C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 2.2 MB  00:02:24     
(4/10): C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                   | 120 kB  00:00:04     
(5/10): C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                |  71 kB  00:00:04     
(6/10): C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 3.5 MB  00:02:54     
(7/10): C7.1.1503-base/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                     | 5.1 MB  00:04:32     
(8/10): C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                  | 7.2 MB  00:05:22     
(9/10): C7.0.1406-base/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                     | 4.9 MB  00:05:24     
(10/10): C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                 | 4.7 MB  00:05:12     
Available Packages
Name        : postgresql
Arch        : i686
Version     : 9.2.14
Release     : 1.el7_1
Size        : 3.0 M
Repo        : C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64
Summary     : PostgreSQL client programs
URL         : http://www.postgresql.org/
License     : PostgreSQL
Description : PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational database management system (DBMS).
            : The base postgresql package contains the client programs that you'll need to
            : access a PostgreSQL DBMS server, as well as HTML documentation for the whole
            : system.  These client programs can be located on the same machine as the
            : PostgreSQL server, or on a remote machine that accesses a PostgreSQL server
            : over a network connection.  The PostgreSQL server can be found in the
            : postgresql-server sub-package.

Name        : postgresql
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 9.2.14
Release     : 1.el7_1
Size        : 3.0 M
Repo        : C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64
Summary     : PostgreSQL client programs
URL         : http://www.postgresql.org/
License     : PostgreSQL
Description : PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational database management system (DBMS).
            : The base postgresql package contains the client programs that you'll need to
            : access a PostgreSQL DBMS server, as well as HTML documentation for the whole
            : system.  These client programs can be located on the same machine as the
            : PostgreSQL server, or on a remote machine that accesses a PostgreSQL server
            : over a network connection.  The PostgreSQL server can be found in the
            : postgresql-server sub-package.

[3]-  Killed                  yum repolist all

 

禁止全部的repository

yum-config-manager --disable \*

只使用刚才配置的repository

yum-config-manager --enable local_centos7

确认一下

yum repolist all

这样我们搜索一个软件就很快出现了

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum info httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
Name        : httpd
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.4.6
Release     : 17.el7.centos.1
Size        : 2.7 M
Repo        : local_centos7
Summary     : Apache HTTP Server
URL         : http://httpd.apache.org/
License     : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
            : web server.

 

  

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hellotracy/articles/5145097.html

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