Python--urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed

urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate 

(1)全局设置，对requests不生效

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

(2)urllib2.urlopen 传参

context = ssl._create_unverified_context()

urllib2.urlopen(context=context)

(3)参考 urllib2.urlopen 为opener叠加handler

# urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)>
try:
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar))
    resp = opener.open(req)        
except urllib2.URLError as err:
    print err
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar), urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=context))  #叠加多个 handler
    resp = opener.open(req)    

---

(4)request.get 传参

# requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)
try:
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookie)
except requests.exceptions.SSLError as err:
    print err
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookie, verify=False)