原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/ab_ba/article/details/7928711
当要编写自己的widget或者其他view组件时，能够定义自己的属性标签是很重要的，这让我们能够彻底定制view的外观。
知识点：
1.自定义属性标签及其格式属性。
2.如何创建自己的View。
3.如何使用自己的View。
一、自定义属性标签及其格式属性
在res/values下创建文件attrs.xml。先看一段其中的代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="MyView">
<attr
name="textColor"
format="color" />
<attr
name="textSize"
format="dimension" />
<attr
name="background"
format="reference"
/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>这里定义了一个样式属性资源。名字就是MyView，然后有三个属性，文字的颜色，文字的大小，View的背景图片。可以看到attr除了name属性以外，还有一个format属性，它规定了这个属性的数据类型。这个format属性有很多，除了上面的color，dimension，reference以外，还有
reference：参考某一资源ID。
color：颜色值。
boolean：布尔值。
dimension：尺寸值。
float：浮点值。
integer：整型值。
string：字符串。
fraction：百分数。
enum：枚举值。
flag：位或运算。
二、如何创建自己的View
继承View或者它的子类，然后重写构造函数和onDraw函数。看看代码：
package com.wenix;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
public class MyView extends View {
private static final String TAG = "MyView";
private Paint mPaint;
Drawable background;
public MyView(Context context) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
super(context);
}
public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
mPaint = new Paint();
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyView);//得到属性数组
int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor, Color.BLUE);//得到属性值，可以指定默认值，防止空值，注意引用名。
float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 22);//注意get方法，跟format是一致的。
background = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.MyView_background);
mPaint.setColor(textColor);
mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
a.recycle();//一定要recycle以下来保证属性值一致。
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDraw(canvas);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.myview_background);
canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, mPaint);
// Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
// matrix.postScale(0, 0, 480, 800);
// canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, matrix, mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
canvas.drawText("hello,world!", 20, 55, mPaint);
}
}
三、如何使用自定义View
有了自定义属性数组，又有了自定义View，下面说说怎么使用自定义View吧。看main.xml代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:wenix="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.wenix" //最重要的就是这个命名空间，xmlns后写上你自己的标签，下面就可以引用属性
android:orientation="vertical" //了，res/后面跟上控件所在包的包名。
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@drawable/background"
>
<com.wenix.MyView
android:id="@+id/myview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
wenix:textColor="#ffffffff" //使用上面定义的标签来引用属性。
wenix:textSize="22dp"/>
</LinearLayout>然后去要用的地方用吧，看看MainActivity.java代码：
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_java"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[java]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a><a href="#" class="About" title="?" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_5" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="0" height="0" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_5" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=5&width=0&height=0" wmode="transparent"></div></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-j"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">package</span><span> com.wenix; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.app.Activity; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.os.Bundle; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.util.DisplayMetrics; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.util.Log; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.view.View; </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.view.View.OnClickListener; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> android.widget.Toast; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> MainActivity </span><span class="keyword">extends</span><span> Activity { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">private</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">static</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">final</span><span> String TAG = </span><span class="string">"MainActivity"</span><span>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> MyView myView; </span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">/** Called when the activity is first created. */</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="annotation">@Override</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">super</span><span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> setContentView(R.layout.main); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li class=""><span> myView = (MyView)findViewById(R.id.myview); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> myView.setOnClickListener(<span class="keyword">new</span><span> OnClickListener() { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="annotation">@Override</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> onClick(View v) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comment">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.<span class="keyword">this</span><span>, </span><span class="string">"onClick"</span><span>, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> }); </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li class=""><span> DisplayMetrics dm = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> DisplayMetrics(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm); </span></li><li class=""><span> Log.i(TAG,<span class="string">"screen width="</span><span>+dm.widthPixels+</span><span class="string">",screen height="</span><span>+dm.heightPixels);</span><span class="comment">//顺便写了段检测屏幕大小的代码。</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span>} </span></li></ol></div><pre name="code" class="java" style="display: none;">package com.wenix;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
MyView myView;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
myView = (MyView)findViewById(R.id.myview);
myView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onClick", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics();
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm);
Log.i(TAG,"screen width="+dm.widthPixels+",screen height="+dm.heightPixels);//顺便写了段检测屏幕大小的代码。
}
}</pre><br>
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<pre></pre>
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<p></p>
<p> 最后上效果图：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201208/31/1346391048_7936.png" alt=""><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
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