对接第三文件下载接口，通过restTemplate或java执行linux的cmd指令完成

对接第三文件下载接口，通过restTemplate或java执行linux的cmd指令完成

1.业务场景

与其他第三方通过restful接口对接，需调用第三方文件下载接口。
这里有两个思路，一种是用http client调用第三方接口进行文件下载。另一种可以通过java执行系统（linux）的cmd指令，进行文件下载，从而实现对下载文件的管理。

2.通过restTemplate.exhcange()方法下载文件

  // 1.请求下载文件接口
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String id = "id123";
String invalid = "in123";
ResponseEntity<byte[]> entity = restTemplate.exchange(
                "localhost:8080/download?id=${id}&invalid=${invalid}",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                new HttpEntity<>(headers),
                byte[].class,
                id,
                invalid);
// 2.获取二进制数据，写入inputStream
byte[] bytes = entity.getBody();
ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);

// 3.从heads中获取fileName，在获取文件名称时需进行预防空指针
List<String> list = entity.getHeaders().get("content-disposition");
String fileName = list.get(0).split("filename=")[1];

// 4.通过outputStream返数据
String agent = request.getHeader("USER-AGENT");
log.info("[ndss] request's agent is :{}", agent);

try {
  // 设置heads
  headers.add("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
  headers.add("Content-Disposition", "inline;filename=" + fileName);
  headers.add("Pragma", "no-cache");
  headers.add("Expires", "0");
  response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
  response.setContentType("application/octet-stream;charset=UTF-8");
  response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
  response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
  response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", request.getHeader("Origin"));
  response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
  response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE");
  response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
  response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept");

  OutputStream fos = response.getOutputStream();

  byte[] b = new byte[1024];
  int length;
  while ((length = inputStream.read(b)) > 0) {
    fos.write(b, 0, length);
  }
  fos.flush();
  inputStream.close();
  fos.close();

  return ResponseEntity
    .ok()
    .headers(headers)
    .body("下载成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
  log.error("文件下载出错，错误信息：{}", e.toString());
  return ResponseEntity
    .ok()
    .body("文件下载失败。");
}

3.通过java调用linux指令进行文件下载

主要思路是通过服务器的curl指令请求第三方接口进行文件下载。

通过java调用linux的cmd指令，通过curl调用文件下载接口，可以将文件下载本地，再读取本地文件进行操作。

核心代码如下：

private void executeLinuxCmd(String cmd) {
  System.out.println("got cmd job : " + cmd);
  Runtime run = Runtime.getRuntime();
  try {
    Process process = run.exec(cmd);
    InputStream in = process.getInputStream();
    BufferedReader bs = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
    StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer();
    byte[] b = new byte[8192];
    for (int n; (n = in.read(b)) != -1; ) {
      out.append(new String(b, 0, n));
    }
    log.info("execute cmd job result:[ +{}+]", out.toString());
    in.close();
    process.destroy();
  } catch (IOException e) {
    log.error("execute cmd job err:{}", e.toString());
  }
}

4.WebClient

在翻阅restTemplate文档时，看到这么一段话。

As of Spring Framework 5, alongside the WebFlux stack, Spring introduced a new HTTP client called WebClient.
WebClient is a modern, alternative HTTP client to RestTemplate. Not only does it provide a traditional synchronous API, but it also supports an efficient nonblocking and asynchronous approach.
That said, if we're developing new applications or migrating an old one, it's a good idea to use WebClient. Moving forward, RestTemplate will be deprecated in future versions.

Spring Framework 5开始，引入了新的http client工具–webClient，特点是支持异步。webClient的使用后续再进行梳理。